CORROSION IN

IMPLANTS
NADYA ZULFANI
3334141867
(43)
1

OUTLINE
DEFINIT
ION

APPLIC
ATION

OUTLI
NE
CONCLU
SIONS
AND
REFERE
NCES

STU
DY
CAS
E

FORMS
OF
CORRO
SION

DEFINITION

Corrosion

Biomaterials

Implant

APPLICATION

METALS AND ALLOYS USED AS IMPLANTS

STAINLESS STEEL
COBALT ALLOYS (Co-Cr-Mo)
TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS

[Ref: Blackwood DJ. Biomaterials: past successes and future problems. Corrosion Rev 2003; 21(2-3): pp. 97-124.]

REQUIREMENTS OF AN IMPLANTS
Biocompatible
Corrosion Resistant
Mechanical properties
Bioactive
Osteoconductive

CORROSION IN IMPLANTS
1. PITTING CORROSION

Mechanisms
1. Pit Initiation
2. Development or Pit
Growing
10

CORROSION IN IMPLANTS
2. CREVICE CORROSION

Mechanisms
1. Oxidation Reaction above the
surface
2. Concentration O2 in the crevice
consumed.
3. Material of an Implant is corrode

11

CORROSION IN IMPLANTS
3. CORROSION FATIGUE

Mechanisms
1. Initiation of Cracks
2. Deterioration of surface
3. Propagation of cracks

12

CORROSION IN IMPLANTS
4. STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING

Mechanisms
1. Initiation of rupture in the protective film
2. Adsorption of ion species at strained areas
3. Bond within the metal and film becomes
weak
4. Propagation of brittle fracture

13

CORROSION IN IMPLANTS

5. FRETTING CORROSION

Mechanisms
1. Initiation
2. Micromotion
3. Propagation

14

CORROSION IN IMPLANTS
6. GALVANIC CORROSION

Mechanisms
1. Electron Conduction
2. Anode become
corrode

15

CORROSION IN IMPLANTS
7. INTERGRANULAR CORROSION

Mechanisms
1. Grain boundaries attacked
2. Precipitated grain boundaries phases
3. Disorder or higher energy of the grain
boundaries provides the second
phases and leads to corrosion
16

Defects in materials are influenced by and depend on a number of

factors as follows:
Reaction with body fluid (corrosion)
Movements/weight of patient
Surgical application of implant (surgeon's work/ patient's
characteristics) choice of material
Manufacture (processing techniques, heat treatment, surface finish)
design.

17

PREVENTION OF CORROSION IN IMPLANTS

Material
Selection and
Design

Surface
Modification

Nitrogen
Alloying
18

STUDY CASE OF CORROSION IN IMPLANTS

19

STUDY CASE OF CORROSION IN IMPLANTS

Postoperative
Radiograph

Seventy months
postoperatively, the
fractured prosthetic neck

SEM Examination

Intergranular Corrosion-Fatigue Failure of Cobalt-Alloy Femoral Stems. Jeremy Gilbert et al. The Division of Biological
20 120
Materials. North western University, Chicago.

CONCLUSIONS

Biomaterial is used to make devices to replace a

part or a function of the body in a safe, reliable,
economic, and physiologically acceptable manner. Whereas
Implant is a biomaterial that used to replace part or a function in
body.
Metals and alloys used as implants are stainless steel, cobalt alloys
and titanium alloys
Forms of Corrosion in Implants are fitting corrosion, crevice,
fatigue, stress corrosion cracking, galvanic, intergranular and
fretting corrosion.
Prevention corrosion of
implants are
material design and
selection, surface modification and nitrogen alloying.
21

REFERENCES
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250395050_Corrosion_Characteristics_of_Medical-Grade
ASM
Handbook. 2003. ASM 13 A CORROSION : Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection. ASM International
_AISI_Type_316L_Stainless_Steel_
Handbook Committee.

Surface_After_Electropolishing_in_a_Magnetic_Field, Accessed On 27th November 2016 at 07:30

Manivasagam, Geetha . 2010. Biomedical Implants: Corrosion and its Prevention. School of Mechanical and
a.m Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
Gilbert,Jeremy et al. 1994. Intergranular Corrosion-Fatigue Failure of Cobalt-Alloy Femoral Stems. The Division
of Biological Materials. North western University, Chicago.
http://www.healio.com/orthopedics/journals/ortho/2015-3-38-3/%7Bc59f5197-97dc-4cb5-998d8391241faaf9%7D/modular-hip-implant-fracture-at-the-stem-sleeve-interface, Accessed on 28th
November at 07:30 p.m
https://www.nap.edu/read/13032/chapter/3#27, Accessed on 28th November 2016 at 10:30 p.m
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250395050_Corrosion_Characteristics_of_MedicalGrade_AISI_Type_316L_Stainless_Steel_ Surface_After_Electropolishing_in_a_Magnetic_Field, Accessed On
27th November 2016 at 07:30 a.m

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q/A : Kamal
1. How could the Galvanic Corrosion happens in implants ?
Q/A Azan :
2. Why the intergranular corrosion is not in your form of corrosion it is
just only in your study case ? Can you explain more ?

23