EMBEDDED BASICS

ThisEmbedded
Cis
extensive
and
contains many advanced concepts. The
range
of
modules
covers
a
full
introduction to C, real-time and embedded
systems concepts through to the design
and
implementation
of
real
time
embedded or standalone systems based
on real-time operating systems and their
device drivers. Real time Linux (RT Linux)
is used as an example of such a system.
The modules include an introduction to
the development of Linux device drivers.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
PROGRAMMING
Embedded systems programming is
different from developing applications on a
desktop computers.Key characteristics of
an embedded system, when compared to
PCs, are as follows:
Embedded devices have resource
constraints(limited ROM,limited RAM,
limited stack space, less processing
power)
Components used in embedded system
and PCs are different; embedded systems
typically uses smaller, less power

FEATURES
Code speed
Code size
Code speed is governed by the processing
power, timing constraints
whereas code size is governed by
available program memory and use of
programming language.

USES OF C IN
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
It is small and reasonably simpler to learn,
understand, program and debug.
C Compilers are available for almost all
embedded devices in use today, and there
is a large pool of experienced C
programmers.
It is fairly efficient
It supports access to I/O and provides
ease of management of large embedded
projects.

PIN CONNECTIONS
BLOCK
The pin connect block allows selected pins of
the microcontroller to have more than one
function. Configuration registers control the
multiplexers to allow connection between the
pin and the on chip peripherals.
Peripherals should be connected to the
appropriate pins prior to being activated, and
prior to any related interrupt(s) being enabled.
Activity of any enabled peripheral function
that is not mapped to a related pin should be
considered undefined.

The Pin Control Module with its pin

select registers defines the functionality
of the microcontroller in a given
hardware environment.
After reset all pins of Port 0 and Port 1
are configured as input with the
following exceptions: If debug is
enabled, the JTAG pins will assume their
JTAG functionality; if trace is enabled,
the Trace pins will assume their trace
functionality.
The pins associated with the I2C0 and
I2C1 interface are open drain.

GPIO PINS
The General Purpose Input/Output
(GPIO) Dialog controls the direction of
the general purpose port pins. You may
use the following controls to select and
configure the external interrupt settings.
The 16 EGPIO and 3 FGPIO pins may
each be configured individually as an
output, an input or an interrupt input.
There are 10 pins that may alternatively
be used as input, output, or open-drain
pins, but do not support interrupts.

these pins are

Ethernet MDIO
Both LED Outputs
EEPROM Clock and Data
HGPIO[5:2]
CGPIO[0]
6 pins may used alternatively as inputs
only

CTSn , DSRn / DCDn
3 Interrupt Lines

2 pins may be alternatively used as

outputs ONLY
RTS n
ARST N

Among the above list are the

Ethernet MDIO lines (so one could
assume that the MDIO line and the
MDC line could be used as gpio
s).Data sheet and user guide fail to
explain how to configure
thesealternative usagesof the pins.

GPIO PINS
FIODIR(Fast Input Output Direction
Register) contains the direction
assignments for each I/O port bit. The
checkboxes are checked for output and
unchecked for input.
FIOSET(Fast Input Output Set Register)
bits are checked to force a high level for a
that port bit during output.
FIOCLR(Fast Input Output Clear
Register) bits are checked to force a low
level for a that port bit during output.
FIOPIN(Fast Input Output Pin Value
Register) contains the current condition