World Energy resources

Introduction
Toe Tonne of oil equivalent
amount of energy released by
burning one tonne of crude oil42
gigajoules(109 J)
World energy council
https://www.worldenergy.org/data/resources/

Energy sources

Total Primary Energy Supply by

resource

Top 3 producing countries by

resource worldwide

Top 3 producing countries in

south and Central Asia

Energy resources in India

Fossil Fuel
Reserves

Renewable Installed Capacity

Coal

Oil

Natural gas

Uranium and Nuclear

Hydro Power

Wind

Solar PV

Impact of Renewable
energy sources

Introduction
All energy sources have some impact on our environment.
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) do substantially
more harm than renewable energy sources by most
measures, including air and water pollution, damage to
public health, wildlife and habitat loss, water use, land use,
and global warming emissions.
It is important to study environmental impacts associated
with producing power from renewable sources (wind,
solar, geothermal, biomass, and hydropower)

Wind power
Land Use
Spaced 5-10 rotor dia. bw. turbines
30 - 141 acres needed per megawatt of power output capacity.
However, less than 1 acre per megawatt is disturbed
permanently and less than 3.5 acres per megawatt are disturbed
temporarily during construction.
The remainder of the land can be used for a variety of other
productive purposes, including livestock grazing, agriculture,
highways.
Wildlife and Habitat
Bird and bat deaths from collisions with wind turbines and due to
changes in air pressure caused by the spinning turbines.

Solar PV vs CSP
CSP systems concentrate radiation of the sun to
heat a liquid substance which is then used to
drive a heat engine and drive an electric
generator. This indirect method generates
alternating current (AC) which can be easily
distributed on the power network.
PV Uses sunlight through the photovoltaic
effect to generate direct electric current (DC) in a
direct electricity production process. The DC is
then converted to AC, usually with the use of
inverters, in order to be distributed on the power
network.

World's largestsolar power

plant
Solar PV five plant in single location
648MW Kamudhi Ramanathapuram
(Tamil Nadu).
5,000 acres at a total cost of Rs 4,550
crore 8,500 people.
The plant comprises 3.8 lakh foundations,
25 lakh solar modules, 27,000m of
structure, 576 inverters, 154 transformers
and 6,000km length of cables.

Solar Power
Land Use
PV(photovolatile) systems range from 3.5 to 10 acres
per megawatt
CSP facilities are between 4 and 16.5 acres per
megawatt.
Unlike wind facilities, there is less opportunity for solar
projects to share land with agricultural uses.
Water Use
Solar PV cells do not use water
CSP like all thermal electric plants, require water for
cooling.
600 and 650 gallons of water per megawatt-hour of
electricity produced
Hazardous Materials
Thin-film PV cells number of more toxic materials
gallium arsenide, copper-indium-gallium-diselenide,
and cadmium-telluride.

Geothermal Energy
Water Quality and Use:
Hot water pumped from underground reservoirs
often contains high levels of sulfur, salt, and other
minerals.
closed-loop water systems
Air Emissions:
injected back into the ground after giving up their
heat, so air emissions are minimal.
Open loop system emits hydrogen sulfide,
carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane, and boron.
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide changes into sulfur dioxide
acid rain
Some plants mercury emissions