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Gaskets
Presented by Haseeb Ullah Khan Jatoi
2007 chem 111
Presented to Mr. Shah Muhammad
Chemical Engineering Department
UET Lahore

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Synopsis

Introduction
Sealing
Gaskets positioning
Gasket selection
Classification
Common gasket types in use
Heat exchanger gasket selection
Reliability
Performance analysis
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What are gaskets?

Terms joint, jointing and gaskets are
used synonymously to describe
static seals cut or fabricated from
any compressible flat sheet material
Primarily to prevent leaks at joints
and to withstand harsh operating
conditions of temperature, pressure
loading, relative physical movement
of equipment
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How gaskets seal?

A gasket is balanced by a
combination of forces namely:
Compressive load
Hydraulic end thrust
Extrusion forces
Assembly load
Assembly stress
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Positioning gaskets..

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 Gasket after
prolonged use

Butterfly valve
without a gasket

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Gaskets selection

Gasket thickness
Sealing and surface stress
Surface finish
Gasket stress
Temperature effect
Other compressive and thermal
properties..
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Classification of gaskets

Ring
type
gasket
s

Full faced
gaskets

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Paper gaskets
For low profile
operations
Celloluse fibre
impregnated with
glue/glycerine
Maximum
operation around
120C and 8 bar
Carburator
gasket
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Paper gaskets..

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Rubber gaskets

Versatility
Heat transfer equipments
Elastomers
Ability to deform substantially under stress
application and then snap back to almost back to
original size
Incompressible, change in shape, volume constant
Heat gradually, but irreversibly
Cooling causes to become rigid and brittle
Prolonged deformation leading to compression set
Physical operating boundaries governed by
chemical make up
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Rubber gaskets continued..

Natural rubber
Alcryn
Styrene butadiene
Polychloroprene
Nitrile
Hypalon
Hytrel
Sealguard 2000
Ethylene propylene
Kalrez
Butyl
Viton
Silicone rubbers
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Rubber gaskets

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Compressed asbestos fibre

Asbestos fibres
bonded by
elastomers
Withstand
temperature upto
550C
Chemically inert
Greater resistance to
flow under heat and
stress
Better tensile
strength and
compressibility
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Plastic gaskets
Polytetraflouroethyle
ne
Aggressive and toxic
fluids
Thermoplastics best
suited
Temperature range
can be 190 to 250C
Poor resilience
Tendency to flow
under load

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Statotherm HT Thermoactive
gaskets
Non-asbestos high temperature
gaskets
Flange distortion causes gasket
swelling
Minimizes leakage
Mica used for construction,
temperature may reach upto 1100C

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Metallic gaskets

Equally important as non-metallics

Thermally discouraged
Corruplus seals
Sigma seals
Hightech seals
C seals
Flange groove seals
Corrugated metal gaskets
Metal clad gaskets
Spiral wound gaskets
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Metallic gaskets..

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Heat exchanger gaskets

selection

Nature of fluid
Operating temperature range
Pressure or vacuum conditions
Possibility of cycling conditions, surge
pressures, vibration etc.
Shape and dimension of seating surface
Texture of seating
Othe rfactors such as radiations,
contamination of fluid etc.
Initial cost
availability
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Heat exchanger gasket

configurations

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Heat exchanger gaskets..

The size restrictions for heat exchanger
gaskets depend only on the available
sizes of the materials
Heat exchanger gaskets are commonly
made in dia up to 120", thicknesses can
be from 3.2mm to 13mm generally
Material can be soft iron, copper, brass,
stainless steel, aluminum, titanium etc.

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Reliability and failure

Design
Assembly
Metal faces
Gasket material

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Gaskets performance..
Deformation vs. temperature

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Gaskets performance..
Stress vs. thickness

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Gaskets performance..
Stress vs. time

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Gaskets performance..

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References
Seals and sealing handbook, 4th edition, by M.
Brown, Elsevier advanced technology
publishers
Chemical Engg. World
(http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QgQkmyCHz1Q/RrH
y_ukgrkI)
http://www.brattons.com
http://www.metal-gasket.com
http://www.dracomech.com
http://www.gasketwiki.com
http://thumb18.shutterstock.com.edgesuite.net
http://www.ratwell.com
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Any queries?

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Thank you for your time..

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