Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sumanyu Vasist
0441731604/ B.Arch/ U.S.A.P/ Semester X
2008 - 2009
To The Reader
To The Reader
This thesis report marks the impression of the five years of
the school life. Architectural education gave many
experiences, some were dark, some were light and some
were shades of grey.
This thesis report is also the combination of many thoughts,
patterns, systems, fun, innovations and notions in the
wonderful school life.
The school life and environment have taught many things ,
here are some of them
Hope the reader finds this effort a worth.
INDEX
INDEX
INDEX
INTRODUCTION
Section A1 / Page 1
Thesis issue
Issues:
Basically, there is intent to demonstrate an upcoming solar technology of Integrated
Photovoltaic Application in the Indian Urban Context.
Here in, we wish to investigate greater dimensions of solar technology of PV in
building design. And aim to run an IT facility using the solar power purely generated by the PV
technology.
There is an emphasis on the Integrated PV because of its dual advantage of being a
building element or material and also the generator of solar power. Overall its an answer to the
advanced urban aspiration from hi-tech, green and clean technology.
The aspects of architecture and architectural design it will investigate the potential
of the application of Photovoltaic technology in the building design. Since sunlight is the basis of PV,
it would be reflected in the architectural design too. It is obvious that the building design would fully
respect the solar geometry of the region. The project might ultimately be able to demonstrate the
effectiveness of this technology (BiPV) in commercial applications.
The relevance of these issues is immense with the growing awareness on the
significance of solar energy in building design and construction. The emerging concerns for
environmental protection and global energy saving have introduced new architectural rules. The
solution is seen in the upcoming building technology and its apt applications.
The chosen project particularly suited to the issues which are intended to be
investigated as IT centre have all the components which make a typical case for advanced urban
aspirations and it would give an opportunity to demonstrate the intrinsic aspects of this biomimicked technology of PV in an challenging way.
Section A2 / Page 2
Building
Solar cells actually play the game of nature. They are like little leaves in the
forest. Solar cells take the energy from the sun & they project a shadow to
create a canopy
Section A3 / Page 3
Section A4 / Page 4
Bio capacity
India
Rising difference between bio-capacity and ecological footprint
Energy
Consumptions
Galaxy
Road Junction
32nd Milestone
Plotted Houses
Warehouses
Road Junction
Site
Green Belt
06:00 Hrs
12:00 Hrs
08:00 Hrs
14:00 Hrs
10:00 Hrs
16:00 Hrs
Shadow study:
Done for the shortest day and
the longest day of the year
18:00 Hrs
21 st June
Longest day of the
year
06:00 Hrs
12:00 Hrs
08:00 Hrs
14:00 Hrs
10:00 Hrs
16:00 Hrs
18:00 Hrs
This was realized that for the desired FAR and Ground Coverage the building of G+3 is desirable.
Also for going beyond three, there is a by-law to add a passenger lift, which is undesirable because
of the energy related to it.
CASE STUDIES
Case Studies
Section B1 / Page 12
Case Studies
Section B2 / Page 13
Case Studies
Section B3 / Page 14
Case Studies
Section B4 / Page 15
METHODOLOGY
Section C / Page 16
Yes
Architecturally Pleasing:
The PV system add eye-catching features to the design of the building. The building
looks attractive and PV system improves the design. This is a very subjective issue, but
there is no doubt that people find some building more pleasing than others
Solar cells here are blue (as the blue color cells have highest efficiency). The color of the cells is the color of the whole surface which
looks like one. Frameless molecules give a very harmonious impression as they are not disturbed by the frames in the faade.
The whole building is oriented towards North South. The PV faade which is
the face with maximum PV application is tilted towards the south , which have
maximum exposure to sun.
All openings are at North to gain the benefits of North Light and east-west
walls are blank
NORTH
SOUTH
Stone
Integrated Photovoltaic
Warehouse
Other property
Underground
water tank
Green Belt
The Photovoltaic application is at adequate distance from the buildings and trees around. Especially with the green belt at the
south-side, there is no probability for a building to come up from south which may shadow the PV installation.
The Form:
The overall form of the building is sensitive to the sun movement. The form is
consciously designed for maximum exposure of sunlight to the Building
Integrated Photovoltaic Applications
.
The Form
Not desirable
Not desirable
Form Generation:
Initially the idea was to fully respond to the sun
path diagram. Hence curved form was realized
but since the greater idea was to have maximum
output of the Photovoltaic Application the straight
form was very beneficial
Desirable
22nd March
07:00 AM
08:00 AM
09:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 AM
01:00 PM
02:00 PM
03:00 PM
22nd June
07:00 AM
08:00 AM
09:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 AM
01:00 PM
02:00 PM
03:00 PM
22nd Sept
07:00 AM
08:00 AM
09:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 AM
01:00 PM
02:00 PM
03:00 PM
22nd Dec
07:00 AM
08:00 AM
09:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 AM
01:00 PM
02:00 PM
03:00 PM
Roof:
The Photovoltaic application on roof, with full tracking system add to greater
efficiencies. Roof is the only obvious place where the sunlight is available all
round the year.
(3D Tracking)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
618
573
693
702
718
662
532
525
558
618
585
605
WHOLE Profile
WHOLE Profile
Shadow Study
Aim :
To know the exact distance
between the two panels
Shadow study would tell the
number of panels in the faade.
CASE -B
Solar Panels
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Total
DEG
340
359
492
547
587
541
460
438
430
414
329
315
5252
376
384
512
557
589
540
460
443
443
439
362
354
5459
10
408
406
530
564
588
535
458
445
453
461
391
390
5629
15
436
425
544
567
583
537
453
444
461
479
417
421
5767
20
461
441
554
567
576
517
445
441
456
594
439
447
5938
25
482
455
561
564
564
503
435
436
468
505
458
470
5901
30
500
455
564
557
549
486
423
428
467
514
473
489
5905
35
514
472
564
547
531
466
407
417
464
520
486
505
5893
40
526
477
561
533
509
443
390
403
458
522
495
516
5833
45
534
479
554
516
483
416
369
388
449
521
501
528
5738
50
538
478
543
496
455
386
345
369
438
517
504
534
5603
55
540
474
530
472
423
353
318
348
424
511
505
537
5435
60
538
468
512
445
387
317
290
324
408
501
502
537
5229
65
532
458
492
414
348
280
260
299
388
488
496
533
4988
70
524
445
468
378
306
242
230
272
366
472
486
527
4716
75
512
430
440
340
263
202
198
243
340
452
474
517
4411
80
497
411
408
299
219
165
166
213
311
429
459
503
4080
85
479
390
373
256
178
134
137
180
280
403
440
487
3737
90
457
364
334
212
143
112
112
148
247
371
418
467
3385
Panel Angle= 28
Faade Angle= 55
25
30
31
32
33
34
35
40
45
Feb
441
455
456
467
468
470
471
472
477
534
Mar
554
561
564
565
565
565
465
564
561
479
Apr
567
564
557
556
554
552
549
547
533
516
Total
1562
1580
1577
1588
1587
1587
1485
1583
1571
1529
Set II
0
May
587
587
588
588
589
589
jun
541
541
541
541
540
540
July
460
464
461
461
461
460
Total
1588
1592
1590
1590
1590
1589
Photovoltaic Output in KWh for corresponding months and angles, Determination of Exact angle.
Study of a single panel using default settings
15
20
25
26
27
28
29
30
35
40
Aug
445
444
441
436
434
433
431
429
428
417
403
Sept
453
461
456
458
468
468
468
467
467
464
458
Oct
461
479
404
505
507
509
511
513
514
520
522
Total
1359
1384
1301
1399
1409
1410
1410
1409
1409
1401
1383
Set IV
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Nov
505
505
504
504
503
503
502
Dec
536
537
537
537
537
537
537
Jan
540
540
539
539
539
538
538
Total
1581
1582
1580
1580
1579
1578
1577
Photovoltaic Output in KWh for corresponding months and angles, Determination of Exact angle.
Study of a single panel using default settings
Type
KWh/year
% gain or loss
5915
4 part tracking
6170
difference
4 part - fixed at 28
12part tracking
difference
12 part-4 part
difference
12 part-fixed at 28
difference
full-4 part
difference
difference
255
6217
4.31%
47
0.76%
302
4.89%
7107
937
15.18%
full-fixed 28
1192
20.15%
full-12 part
890
14.31%
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
618
573
693
702
718
662
532
Photovoltaic Output in KWh for corresponding months and angles, Determination of Exact angle.
Study of a single panel using default settings
525
558
618
585
605
EXTERIOR
AAC Block
Rockwool
AAC Block
Polymerized Plaster
with white paint
Angle ,cast with the
cast of the slab
Another angle fixed
on site, give base to
ACC block
Extruded Polystyrene
Polymerized Plaster
with white paint
Concrete
INTERIOR
EXTERIOR
Polystyrene Insulation
Locally
available
material
(Jhansi, RJ)
Locally
available
material
(Delhi)
Ceilings
The Window
Low-E Coating
Air Filled
A window in the
building play a dominant role in
determining the consumption of
electricity for lighting as well as HVAC.
As compared to other parts of the
building envelope, windows offer
much less resistance to the entry of loss
of heat
Double Panes
Spacer
Sill
Weather stripping
Wall
The air gap between the two glazing layers is responsible for minimizing
the heat gain
It is observed that air space between the layers of glass reaches its
optimum insulating value at about 12mm with air filled
No Gas filling is needed as the windows are only in North-Side of the
building
Visible Transmittance
= 0.78
78% of visible light
transmitted
EXTERIOR
INTERIOR
EXTERIOR
Low- E Coatings
INTERIOR
Harder, more moisture resistant and more stable than even hardwoods
Bamboo wood attains its full strength in about 4- 5 years time.
Bamboo wood products are available which do not use Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC) as adhesive, which is a general practice in wood.
oMinimal short or long-term impact on health
eg
8D
e
Fix
re
spa
n
a
r
dT
nt
10000 mm
Building area
So
lar
p
an
e
ls
wi
th
/w
ith
In
ou
cli
tt
na
ra
ck
tio
in
na
gO
t5
pa
5D
qu
eg
e
Day-lighting strategy :
7000 mm
How it is done:
Formula Applied
DF = Aw/Af X W X Ta/Tm X HF
From the above formula we get the total
area of the window required for the
Daylight Factor of (2%).
Area (known) = Length (known) X Breath
Width can be known.
VS
VS
VS
Concrete Slit
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
View Window
Bamboo Frame
Vegetation
ACC Block with Rockwool insulation
Lighting Strategies:
The control circuits for ceiling
lights are arranged in zones
running parallel to the daylight
source.
The can be switched on
progressively to compensate for
the variation in falling daylight
levels.
They will be controlled by
automatic timer automatic timer
switches with timing set for all
seasons (provision for manual
override for unusual cloudy
weather)
Accent lighting done to break
the monotonous nature and to
give an interest lighting
Accent Lighting: use of down lights and other light fixtures to make
interesting lighting
Interior Lighting Design: Visual Display & Turning Off the Lights
Visual Display and Glare:
Overhead Glare Zone
Nominal angles
of view
Plug-ins
Energy efficient appliances and electronics to be
used
Avoid
Short
Circuit
~22-23 Deg
Supply Air
The inlet air is forced and the movement of air is against the natural
movement of air
~26 Deg
Return Air
~22-24 Deg
~20 Deg
Supply Air
The inlet air is forced and the movement of air is against the
natural movement of air
The inlet air is forced and the movement of air is against the
natural movement of air
Return Air
~17 Deg
~22-24 Deg
Supply Air
~26 Deg
WATTS
Grass / Vegetation
Soil (6-12)
Sand (3)
Geo-Textile (3mm)
Drainage Media (2)
Root Barrier (3mm)
Insulation (2)
Water Proofing Membrane
(5mm)
Screeding (1-3)
Concrete Slab (200mm)
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
TESTING
Section D1 / Page 88
Section D1 / Page 89
304056 kWh/Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
24974.06
23762.97
29242.4
29403.03
29305.37
26476.34
21609.6
21793.71
23606.51
25901.2
23828.8
24161.03
Section D2 / Page 90
h/d
Monday
7.0
Tuesday
7.0
Wednesday
7.0
Thursday
7.0
Friday
7.0
Saturday
0.5
Sunday
0.5
1,877
Section D2 / Page 91
Section D2 / Page 92
Lights
Electrical Equipment
Section D2 / Page 93
Heating
Cooling
Electricity
MWh
MWh
MWh
Heating system
Cooling system
Building envelope
11
320
Ventilation
46
Lights
Electrical equipment
Total
15
365
41
47
Section D3 / Page 94
Section D4 / Page 95
Building as a Generator
Section D5 / Page 96
As per the
policies of
Ministry of
NonConventional
Energy Sources
under Section
3/3. UIAC (SC)
Section D5 / Page 97
Section D6 / Page 98
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my thanks to my guide Ar. Neeraj Kapoor. His advice, expertise
and encouragement always pushed me to think new and better. And, for parting his valuable time for
this Thesis.
I would like to express my thanks to my year coordinator Prof. A.B Lall and Ar. Ruchita
Garg for leading us and always being around even in tough times. Their directions and guidance
have a pivotal role in completion of the Thesis.
Also, thanks to my dear friends especially Anshul, Nitu, Raju, Rahul & Sudhanshu who
have given unconditional support to me.
In addition, a special thanks to Mili Majumdar & Priyanka Khochhar of TERI who also
guided me in this topic via emails and internet discussions.
My gratitude to Dr. Neha Gulati, for her valuable time, encouragement and trust for the
Thesis Project.
Finally, thanks to the school friends, faculty and management for their supportive role.
Sumanyu Vasist
(0441731604)
University School of Architecture and Planning