FORMATION OF

A VOLCANO

 Do you know some of the volcanoes

in the Philippines? Have you ever
wondered how they are formed? In
this module, you will find out how
volcanoes are formed. But I want
you to recall your lesson about the
Earths crust.
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Objectives

Describe how a volcano is

formed?

Lets Try This

Study the pictures below.

FORMATION OF A VOLCANO

There are hot liquid rocks deep within

the Earths crust. This hot molten rock
is called magma. Due to extreme heat
and pressure, magma is always
moving. Magma always moves upward
because it is lighter than solid rock. It
works its way upward through the
cracks and weaker parts of the rocks
above.
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The landform through which

magma and other materials reach
the surface is called a volcano.
Magma reaches the surface
through an opening of a volcano
called vent. When magma reaches
the surface of the Earth, it is
called lava.
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Lava comes out of a funnel-shaped pit at the

top opening of a volcano called crater.
How is a volcano formed? Look at the
illustration.

 Picture A shows that a crack or

fissures in the ground grows longer
and wider. Smoke comes out of a small
hole called vent.

 Picture B illustrates hot molten rocks

(magma) rise towards the Earths surface
which is accompanied by a ground shaking.
Magma reaches the surface and flows out as
lava. The lava cools, becomes solid, and piles
up in the surrounding area. A low elevated
landform called cone develops.

B
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 Picture C presents a
mounting structure
that forms around
the cone. The piled
up molten rocks may
rise to hundreds of
meters above the
ground. When this
happens, a volcano is
formed.

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Lets Do This

Arrange the following statements in proper sequence to describe how a volcano is formed
by writing numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

________ A. Magma reaches the surface and flows out

as lava.
________ B. A crack or fissure in the ground grows
longer and wider. Then smoke comes out.
________ C. The ground shakes. Hot rocks are thrown
out.
________ D. When the structure rises above the
surrounding land, a volcano is formed.
_________ E. Lava cools, becomes solid and piles up.
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Then a landform is built.

Lets Do More

A. Identify the following. Clues are given for

you.
1. A landform on Earths surface through which
molten rocks reach the surface
2. Hot molten rocks inside Earth
3. The opening of a volcano through which
molten rocks erupt to the surface
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4. Molten rocks that reach the

Earths surface
5. The funnel-shaped pit at the top
opening of a volcano
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B. Answer the following questions:

1. What is a volcano?
2. How does magma differ from
lava?
3. How does vent differ from crater?
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Lets Remember This

I learned that:
A volcano is the landform through which
magma reach the surface
A volcano is formed when magma moves
upward through cracks on the ground and
reaches the Earths surface as lava, through
the crater and then cools, becomes solid,
piles up and rises to hundreds of meters
above the ground.
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 Magma is a hot molten rock beneath the

Earths surface.
Lava is the molten rock that reaches the
Earths surface
Vent is the opening of a volcano through
which molten rocks erupt to the surface.
Crater is the funnel-shaped pit at the top
opening of a volcano.

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Lets Test Ourselves

Which is the proper sequence of the pictures

describing the formation of a volcano? A-B-C, B-C-A, CB-A
Describe each picture according to how a volcano is
formed. You may use the statements on LETS DO
THIS.

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Science Fact File

Did you know
that there are also volcanoes found under
the sea? that the Didicas Volcano in the
Babuyan Channel rose above the sea? Lava
flowed from its cracks at the bottom of the
sea. The lava piled up and rose above the
sea level and became a volcanic island.
Source: Into the Future: Science and Health
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