UNIVERSIDAD TECNICA DE AMBATO

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA CIVIL Y MECANICA

CARRERA DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
ENERGIAS RENOVABLES

TALLER 3:FUENTES RENOVABLES DE ENERGIA

TEMA: NANO FLUIDOS

PERIODO ACADEMICO
OCTUBRE 2017-MARZO 2018

Nano Fluids

A Nanofluid is a dilute suspension of nano-sized particles (1-100nm) in a base fluid.

Nanofluids have been primarily studied for their improved thermal characteristics (such
as, enhanced thermal conductivity etc.) as compared to the conventional coolants. This
has opened up their applications in a variety of fields such as, cooling of electronic
components, transformer cooling , nuclear systems cooling and many more. The density
of a nanofluid increases with particle loading. Both experimental investigations and
theoretical studies show that the viscosity of a nanofluid depends on the volume fraction
of the suspended nanoparticles and the viscosity of the base fluid. Generally, the viscosity
of a nanofluid is greater than the viscosity of its base fluid. Consequently, frictional
resistance and pressure drop for the flow of a nanofluid are greater than those for the
flow of a pure fluid. New investigations on the frictional and thermal characteristics of
nanofluids are still being reported. The consequence of using nanofluids in devices and
situations, where results for traditional fluids are known, has become an important and
widespread topic of current research in many areas of fluid mechanics.

Nanofluids Preparation
One of the major challenges of nanofluids research is to achieve long-term
stability of nanofluids, which mostly depends on the preparation of nanofluids.
The preparation of nanofluids is widely performed through two ways- one-step
and two-step methods.

The one-step method is directly synthesizing nanoparticles in base fluids by

applying various chemical or physical methods such as chemical vapour
deposition.

The two-step method is to synthesize or purchase nanoparticles first and then

disperse them in a base fluid.

Hybrid NanoFLuids

Depending on the metal matrix, the hybrid (composite) materials can be

divided into three types.

(a) Metal matrix nanocomposites the examples are, among others,

Al2O3/Cu, Al2O3/Ni, MgO/Fe, Al/CNT, Mg/CNT, Al2O3/Fe-Cr, and ND/Ni.

(b) Ceramic matrix nanocomposites the examples are, among others,

Al2O3/SiO2, Al2O3/TiO2, SiO2/ Ni, CNT/Fe3O4, Al2 O3/SiC, and Al2O3/CNT,

(c) Polymer matrix nanocomposites the examples are, among others,

polymer/layered double hydroxides, polymer/CNT, thermoplastic/thermoset
polymer/ layered silicates, and polyester/TiO2.

Thermophysical properties of hybrid

nanofluids

Thermo physical properties of the nanofluids are quite essential to predict

their heat transfer behavior. It is extremely important in the control for the
industrial and energy saving perspectives.

Nanoparticles have great potential to improve the thermal transport

properties compared to conventional particles fluids suspension, millimeter
and micrometer sized particles. In the last decade, nanofluids have gained
significant attention due to its enhanced thermal properties.

Experimental studies show that thermal conductivity of nanofluids depends on

many factors such as particle volume fraction, particle material, particle size,
particle shape, base fluid material, and temperature [1]. Amount and types of
additives and the acidity of the nanofluid were also shown to be effective in
the thermal conductivity enhancement.