8chapter8 - Work and Energy

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition
Dale Ewen, Neill Schurter, and P. Erik Gundersen
Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Let us revise what is force




8.1 Work
The technical meaning of work requires that work must be done by
one object on another object.


The physical definition of work is :

Work is the product of the force in the direction of the motion and
the displacement
In the metric system, force is expressed in newtons and displacement in

metres:
This unit (N m) has a special name in honor of James P. Joule


Is work a scalar quantity or vector?




Example 1
Find the amount of work done by a worker lifting 225 N of bricks to a height of 1.75 m


How to determine the work when the force is not applied in the
direction of the motion??
Consider a block being pulled by a rope with a force F that makes an
angle with level ground as shown
1) Draw the horizontal component Fx
and complete the right triangle.
2) Note that Fx is the force in the
direction
of the motion.
3) From the right triangle we have


That is, when the applied force is not in the direction of the
motion, the work done is


Example 2


Quiz


8.2 Power
Power is the rate of doing work
The units


Example 3


Quiz


Exercise


8.3 Energy
Energy is defined as the ability to do work. The unit
of energy is the joule (J)
There are many forms of energy, such as mechanical, electrical,
thermal, fluid, chemical, atomic, and sound (acoustic) energy.
Mechanical energy
Potential
is the stored energy of a body due
to its internal characteristics or its
position

Kinetic
is the energy due to the mass and
the velocity of
a moving object

Gravitational potential
Energy
is determined by the position of an
object relative to a particular reference
level;
for example, a rock lying on the edge of a clif






Example


Kinetic energy is due to the mass

and the velocity of a moving object


Example






Let us do some exercise


8.4 Conservation of Mechanical

Energy
Kinetic and potential energy are related by the
law of conservation of mechanical energy.


A pile driver shows this energy conservation.
When the driver is at its highest position
When the driver hits the top of the pile
Since the total energy in the

system must remain constant






A roller coaster is an excellent

example of the law of conservation of mechanical energy
Figure 8.15 Work is done to take the roller coaster car from the beginning of the ride to the top of the structure to
give it potential energy. After it leaves the peak of the ride, the sum of its potential energy and its kinetic energy is equal
at each point of the ride.


Let us do some exercise


8.5 Alternative Energy Sources

Alternative energy is defined as a
source of energy that does not
originate
from fossil fuels and does not produce
significant undesirable byproducts
that could harm the environment.
Alternative energy sources include,
but are not limited to, hydroelectric,
wind, geothermal, and solar energy




Please
remembe
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uolzz



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Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Dale Ewen, Neill Schurter, and P. Erik Gundersen

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Let us revise what is force

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

The physical definition of work is :

In the metric system, force is expressed in newtons and displacement in

This unit (N m) has a special name in honor of James P. Joule

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Is work a scalar quantity or vector?

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Kinetic energy is due to the mass

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Let us do some exercise

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.

8.4 Conservation of Mechanical

Applied Physics, Tenth Edition

Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.