Introductory Philosophy

Benedict Spinoza
(1632-1677)

Spinoza
The idea of Substance
God
Everything in the universe is dependent on him; God is the
cause and bearer of all qualities and events, the one principle
in which all things find their being.
God is in the world and the world in him, he is the source of
everything that is (pantheism).
Cause and effect are not distinct here.

Spinoza
Attributes of God
Infinite substance-infinite number of attributes
When two things have nothing in common with one
another, the one cannot be the cause of the other.
The one indivisible nature, or God, regarded in one of his
aspects, is a space-occupying, moving thing; in another
aspect, it is an ideal world.