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Case Study

1-Way ANOVA
Yields of Entozoic Amoebae Under 5
Methods of Innoculation
Griffin&McCarten(1949). The Journal of Parasitology.
Vol.35,#2,pp.193-198

Description
5 Methods of Innoculation (Conditions)
1
2
3
4
5

None (Control)
Heat at 70C for 10 minutes
Addition of 10% Formalin
Heat followed by Formalin
Formalin, followed after 1 hour by heat

n=10 Replicates per Condition (N=50)


Y=Yield (10-4)

Data
Condition
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

Yield
265
292
268
251
245
192
228
291
185
247
204
234
197
176
240
190
171
190
222
211
191
207
218
201
192
192
214
206
185
163
221
205
178
167
224
225
171
214
283
277
259
206
179
199
180
146
182
147
182
223

Condition
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Yield
265
292
268
251
245
192
228
291
185
247
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
221
205
178
167
224
225
171
214
283
277

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

204
234
197
176
240
190
171
190
222
211
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

259
206
179
199
180
146
182
147
182
223

191
207
218
201
192
192
214
206
185
163

Amoeba Yields Post Innoculation


350

Yield (x10^-4)

300

250
Yield
GrpMean
AllMean
200

150

100
0

3
Condition

Group Means/SDs and Sums of Squares


Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition
1
2
3
4
5
All
n
10
10
10
10
10
50
Mean
246.4
203.5
196.9
216.5
190.3
210.72
Std Dev
36.47
23.29
16.03
39.96
33.86
36.01

SST 10 (246.4 210.72) 2 ... (190.3 210.72) 2 19666

SSE (10 1) (36.47) 2 ... (33.86) 2 43858


dfT 5 1 4 df E 50 5 45

Analysis of Variance and F-test


Source
Trts
Error
Total

df
4
45
49

SS
19665.7
43858.4
63524.1

MS
4916.4
974.6

F
5.0444

F-Crit
2.5787

P-value
0.0019

H0: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 (No differences in condition effects)


HA: Not all i are equal (Differences Among Condition Effects)
MST 4916.4
Test Statistic : Fobs

5.044
MSE 974.6
Rejection Region ( 0.05) : Fobs F.05, 4, 45 2.579
P - value : P ( F 5.044) .0019
Conclude the means are not all equal

Diagnostics - Tests of Equal Variances


H 0 : 12 22 32 42 52

H A : Not all i2 are equal

Hartley's F - max Test :


Test Statistic : Fmax

max(Si2 ) (40) 2

6.25
2
2
min( Si ) (16)

Rejection Region ( 0.05) : Fmax 7.11


Levenes Test

SS
Between Group
1882.8
Within Group
18191.7
Levene's Statistic
1.16435
Critical Value (a=0.05) 2.578737
P-value
0.33919

df
4
45

Diagnostics - Normality Assumption


Normal Probability Plot

Histogram of Residuals

2.5

14

2
12

1.5
10

Frequency

Normal Score

0.5

-0.5
4

-1

-1.5

-2

0
-67.5

-52.5

-37.5

-22.5

-7.5

7.5

22.5

37.5

52.5

67.5

Residual

-2.5
-80

-60

-40

-20

20

40

60

80

Normal Probability Plot:


Approximates a straight line

Histogram:
Approximately bell-shaped

Kruskal-Wallis Test
Condition
5
5
3
4
2
4
2
4
5
5
5
5
1
3
2
2
3
1
3
3
2
5
3
2
4
3
5
3
2
3
4
3
4
2
5
4
4
1
2
2
1
1
1
5
1
1
4
4
1
1

Yield
146
147
163
167
171
171
176
178
179
180
182
182
185
185
190
190
191
192
192
192
197
199
201
204
205
206
206
207
211
214
214
218
221
222
223
224
225
228
234
240
245
247
251
259
265
268
277
283
291
292

Rank
1
2
3
4
5.5
5.5
7
8
9
10
11.5
11.5
13.5
13.5
15.5
15.5
17
19
19
19
21
22
23
24
25
26.5
26.5
28
29
30.5
30.5
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Condition
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

Yield
185
192
228
245
247
251
265
268
291
292
171
176
190
190
197
204
211
222
234
240
163
185
191
192
192
201
206
207
214
218
167
171
178
205
214
221
224
225
277
283
146
147
179
180
182
182
199
206
223
259

Rank
13.5
19
38
41
42
43
45
46
49
50
5.5
7
15.5
15.5
21
24
29
34
39
40
3
13.5
17
19
19
23
26.5
28
30.5
32
4
5.5
8
25
30.5
33
36
37
47
48
1
2
9
10
11.5
11.5
22
26.5
35
44

Condition
Condition
Condition
Condition
Condition
Sum

1
2
3
4
5

n
10
10
10
10
10
50

Rank Sum
386.5
230.5
211.5
274
172.5
1275

T^2/n
14938.23
5313.025
4473.225
7507.6
2975.625
35207.7

H 0 : Population Medians all Equal


H A : Population Medians Not all Equal
12
TS : H
(35207.7) 3(51)
50(51)
165.683 153 12.683
RR( 0.05) : H .205, 4 9.488

Post-Hoc Comparisons (I)


t (t 1)
ni n j 10 i, j t 5 C
10 N t 45 MSE 974.6
2
Fisher' s LSD : LSDi , j t.025, 45

1 1
2

MSE

2.015 974.6
28.1
n n
10
j
i

Tukey' s W : Wij q.05 (5,45)

MSE
974.6
4.025
39.7
ni
10

Bonferroni' s : Bi , j t.025,10, 45

1 1
2

MSE

3.000 974.6
41.9
n n
10
j
i

Post-Hoc Comparisons (II)


(i , j)
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
2,3
2,4
2,5
3,4
3,5
4,5

ybari-ybarj LSD(i , j)
42.9
28.12
49.5
28.12
29.9
28.12
56.1
28.12
6.6
28.12
-13.0
28.12
13.2
28.12
-19.6
28.12
6.6
28.12
26.2
28.12

W(i , j)
39.74
39.74
39.74
39.74
39.74
39.74
39.74
39.74
39.74
39.74

Fishers LSD:
Tukey, Bonferroni:

B(i , j)
41.22
41.22
41.22
41.22
41.22
41.22
41.22
41.22
41.22
41.22

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