Emigration

Definiton
Emigrationis

the relocation of people

from one country to reside in another.
People emigrate for many reasons,
include increasing one's chance of
employment or improvingquality of life.

History
Patterns

of emigration have been

shaped by numerous economic, social,
and political changes throughout the
world in the last few hundred years.
For instance, millions of individuals fled
poverty, violence, and political turmoil
inEuropeto settle in the
AmericasandOceaniaduring the 18th,
19th, and 20th centuries.

Push Factors
Lack of employment or entrepreneurial opportunities;
Lack of educational opportunities;
Lack of political or religious rights;
Threat of arrest or punishment;
Persecution or intolerance based on race, religion, gender or sexual orientation;
Inability to find a spouse for marriage.
Lack offreedom to choose religion, or to choose no religion;
Shortage of farmland; hard to start new farms (historically);
Oppressive legal or political conditions;
Struggling or Failing economy;
Military draft, warfare orterrorism;
Famineordrought;
Cultural fightswithother cultural groups;
Expulsion by armed force or coercion;
Overpopulation.

Pull Factors
Favourable letters relatives or informants who have already moved; chain migration
Better opportunities for acquiring farms for self and children
Cheap purchase of farmland
Quick wealth (as in a gold rush)
More job opportunities
Promise of higher pay
Prepaid travel (as from relatives)
Better welfare programmes
Better schools
Join relatives who have already moved; chain migration
Building a new nation (historically)
Building specific cultural or religious communities
Political freedom
Cultural opportunities
Greater opportunity to find a spouse
favorable climate
easygoing to across the boundaries

Effect of Emigration on Job

Market and Wages
When large groups of emigrants enter the job market
in a new country, there is an effect on the available
number of jobs and the amount of wages one can
ask for a particular job
The new country must have enough job openings to
support emigration without damaging the chances of
the native-born labor force finding employment
if an emigrant takes a job for a lower wage than
typically offered to the native labor force, it can
lower wages for both emigrants and the native
population.

Impact of Emigration
When

people emigrate to a new

country, they pay taxes to the new
country based on earnings and other
factors
These people qualify for social services
provided by that country, such as
education for dependent children,
universal health care and other services
depending on the country

BREAKING DOWN 'Emigration

When

people leave a country, they lower the

nation's labor force andconsumer spending
If the country they are leaving has an
oversaturation of the labor force, this can
relieveunemployment ratesas a positive
effect of emigration
He countries receiving the emigrants tend to
benefit from more available workers, who
also contribute to the economy by spending
money

Terima Kasih