Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(CTS)
Definition
Carpal tunnel syndrome,
the most common focal
peripheral neuropathy,
results from compression
of the median nerve at the
wrist.
Introduction
Nerve Entrapment
Middle or
Advanced age
> 40 yrs (>80%)
2x in women
?Occupational
Disease
Anatomy
Retinakulum :
Membentang dari
- tulang scapoid, trapezoid (di bag.lat)
menuju
- pisiformis, hamatum (di bag.med) meluas
- + 3 cm ke arah volar dari lipatan volar
distal
Terowongan Carpal
Terowongan karpal : struktur yang
dibentuk oleh konkafitas tulang-tulang
carpal, ditutupi oleh retinakulum flexor.
Carpal Tunnel
Berisi :
Tendon m.flexor poll.longus
Tendon m.flexor digitorum long
N.Medianus
Nervus Medianus
Berasal dari bagian lateral dan
medial plexus brachial
Terbentuk dari saraf C6, C7, C8 & T1
( C5)
Causes
PRAGMATIC
P = Pregnancy
R= Rheumatoid Art
A= Arthritis
G= Gr Hor Abnorm
M= Metabolic
A= Alcoholism
T= Tumours/Trauma
I = Idiopathic
C= Conn Tis Disorder
Risk Factors
Force
Posture
Wrist Alignment
Repetition
Vibration
Smoking
Obesity
Caffeine intake
Faktor Risiko
Obesity
Hypothyroidism
Diabetes (prevalence 14%-30% with
neuropathy)
Pregnancy (~50% prevalence)
Renal disease
Inflammatory arthritis
Acromegaly
Mucopolysaccharidosis
Genetics (twin study)
Age (>50)
Smoking
Patofisiologi
Gangguan aliran axoplasmic
Endoneural edema
Kegagalan sirkulasi pada
saraf
Elastisitas saraf berkurang
Daya hantar saraf menurun
osteoarthritis (OA)
diabetes mellitus (DM)
miksedema
akromegali
amiloidosis
wanita hamil
Gambaran Klinis :
Gejala : kramp-kramp, nyeri, baal,
parestesia (kesemutan) pada
permukaan flexor jari-jari.
Kramp-kramp pd ibu jari, telunjuk, jari
tengah, lat.jari manis, kelingking
jarang terlibat
Pemeriksaan :
Atropi ringan pd eminensia thenar
sblmnya didahului oleh fasikulasi
Tinnels sign positif
Phalen test positif
EMNG : KHST (Kecepatan Hantar Saraf
Tepi) terhambat, fibrilasi otot-otot
thenar 10% normal.
Test Phalen
Tes Tinnel
Pengobatan :
Causal bl dpt diidentifikasi
b/ gejala ringan / dini : membaik dengan
istirahat.
b/ gejala menetap : suntik infiltrasi
corticosteroid + anastetik, 3 5 x
interval 1 mg + NSAID
Operasi.
GUYON'S CANAL
SYNDROME
ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist.
At the wrist, The ulnar nerve enters
Guyon's canal along with the ulnar artery,
which runs just lateral to the nerve.
This canal runs along the lower edge of the
palm, on the little finger side of the hand.
In the middle of the canal, the ulnar nerve
splits into its two terminal branches (deep
and superficial) that go on to the palm, ring
and little fingers.
Symptoms:
Symptoms associated with Guyon's canal syndrome fall into three
types depending on the level and type of compression involved.
Type I involves compression in the proximal aspect of Guyon's
canal. Here, motor weakness in all ulnar innervated hand intrinsics
and typical ulnar distribution sensory loss that splits the ring finger
are present. The dorsal aspect of the hand may not loose sensation
in this type of syndrome. Type II is the most common syndrome
type, and results from the compression of the ulnar nerve at the
level of the lower wrist. With type II lesions, the sensory branch to
the dorsal aspect of the hand and the innervation of the muscles of
the base of the palm are spared. Type III is the least common, and
involves pure sensory loss from compression of the superficial
branch at the distal aspect of Guyon's canal. Therefore, in this type
of lesion the symptoms mostly involve loss of sensation or feeling.
PENDAHULUAN
Keluhan nyeri pd bahu dan lengan
merupakan keluhan yg cukup sering
dijumpai dipraktek sehari-hari. Yang
dimaksud dgn nyeri bahu lengan
meliputi nyeri di bahu, lengan atas,
siku, lengan bawah, pergelangan
tangan dan tangan, tdk termasuk
nyeri tengkuk.
3. NEURITIS BRAKIALIS
Neuritis brakialis merupakan nyeri yg
hebat pd bahu dan lengan yg progresif
menjadi lemah dan atrofi, kadang-kala
disertai parastesia. Neuritis brakialis
seringkali dihubungkan dengan infeksi
virus (citomegalo virus), vaksinasi,
latihan keras atau penyalahgunaan obat
suntikan heroin.
Superficial
palmar arch