BISMILLAH...

ANATOMI

KARDIOVASKULAR

Heart Anatomy
Location MEDIASTINUM

Superior surface of diaphragm

Left of the midline, Between 2nd and 6th ribs
Anterior to the vertebral column, Between T5-T8
Posterior to the sternum

Projection:
Base (posteriorsuperior portion)
Apex (inferioranterior portion), Located at the 5th
ICS
3

Heart

Heart Anatomy

Figure 18.1

HEART
Hollow, muscular organ
300 grams (size of a fist)
Surrounded by membrane called Pericardium
The heart is a complex muscular pump that
maintains blood pressure and flow through the
lungs and the rest of the body.
The heart pumps about 100,000 times and moves
7200 liters (1900 gallons) of blood every day.

Pericardium

Heart Wall
Epicardium visceral layer of the serous
pericardium
Myocardium cardiac thick muscle layer
forming the bulk of the heart
Middle layer, thickest part

Fibrous skeleton of the heart crisscrossing,

interlacing layer of connective tissue
Endocardium endothelial layer of the inner
myocardial surface, continuous with
endothelium (inner layer of blood vessels.)
10

Pericardial Layers of the Heart

11

Figure 18.2

The Anatomy of the Heart

The Heart Wall and Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Figure 12-4(a)

Remember the number

Next, we are going to learn basic heart

anatomy:
4 chambers
4 valves

4 main blood vessels coming into/ exiting

Two Sets of Pumping Chambers in Heart

Right atrium
Receives systemic blood (VCI,VCS,CoronarySinus)
Left atrium
Receives blood from lungs (4 V.Pulmo)
Right ventricle
Pumps blood to lungs (pulmonary trunk)
Left ventricle
Pumps blood to organ systems (Aorta, systemic)
Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

HEART

15

The Anatomy of the Heart

The Surface
Anatomy
of the Heart

The Anatomy of the Heart

The Surface
Anatomy
of the Heart

The Anatomy of the Heart

The Surface
Anatomy
of the Heart

Atria of the Heart

Atria are the receiving chambers of the heart
Each atrium has a protruding auricle
Pectinate muscles mark right atrial walls
Blood enters right atria from superior and
inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus
Blood enters left atria from pulmonary veins

19

Ventricles of the Heart

Ventricles are the discharging chambers of the
heart
Papillary muscles and trabeculae carnae
muscles mark ventricular walls
Right ventricle pumps blood into the
pulmonary trunk
Left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta

20

Gross Anatomy of Heart: Frontal

Section

21

Figure 18.4e

Thickness of Cardiac Walls

Myocardium of left ventricle is much thicker than the

right.
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Myocardial Thickness and Function

Thickness of myocardium varies according to the

function of the chamber
Atria are thin walled, deliver blood to adjacent ventricles
Ventricle walls are much thicker and stronger
right ventricle supplies blood to the lungs (little flow
resistance)
left ventricle wall is the thickest to supply
systemic
25

The Anatomy of the Heart

Key Note
The heart has four chambers, the right atrium
and ventricle with the pulmonary circuit and
left atrium and ventricle with the systemic
circuit.
The left ventricles greater workload makes it
more massive than the right, but the two
pump equal amounts of blood.
AV valves prevent backflow from the
ventricles into the atria, and semilunar valves
prevent backflow from the outflow vessels
into the ventricles.
Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Anatomy of the Heart

The Valves of the Heart

Figure 12-6(a)

The Anatomy of the Heart

The Valves of the Heart

Three Kinds of Blood Vessels

Arteries
Carry blood Away from heart and carry it to
the capillaries

Capillaries
Microscopic vessels where exchange
between cells and blood takes place

Veins
Receive blood from capillaries and carry it
back to the heart
Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Heart Pumps Blood into Two Circuits

in Sequence
Pulmonary circuit
To and from the lungs

Systemic circuit
To and from the rest of the body

Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Circulatory Routes
Systemic Circulation blood flow from
the L ventricle to the body & back to
the R atrium
Pulmonary Circulation blood flow from
the R ventricle to the lungs and back
to the L atrium

Hearts Place in the Circulation

Superior vena cava

aorta
inferior vena cava

Figure 12-1

The Anatomy of the Heart

Blood Flow in the Heart
Superior and inferior venae cavae
Large veins carry systemic blood to right
atrium

Right atrium sends blood to right ventricle

Flows through right AV valve
Bounded by three cusps (tricuspid valve)
Cusps anchored by chordae tendinae
Chordae attached to papillary muscles

Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Anatomy of the Heart

Blood Flow in the Heart (contd)
Right ventricle pumps blood through
pulmonary semilunar valve
Enters pulmonary trunk
Flows to lungs through right, left pulmonary
arteries where it picks up oxygen

Pulmonary veins carry blood to left atrium

Left atrium sends blood to left ventricle
Enters through left AV valve (bicuspid or
mitral)

Left ventricle pumps blood to aorta

Through aortic semilunar valve to systems

Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Anatomy of the Heart

The Sectional Anatomy of the Heart

Figure 12-5

Blood Flow Through Heart

The Anatomy of the Heart

The Blood Supply to the Heart
Coronary circulation meets heavy demands
of myocardium for oxygen, nutrients
Coronary arteries (right, left) branch from
aorta base
Drainage is to right atrium
Great, middle cardiac veins drain capillaries
Empty into coronary sinus

Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Anatomy of the Heart

The Coronary Circulation

Figure 12-7(a)

The Anatomy of the Heart

The Coronary Circulation

Figure 12-7(b)

External Heart: Major Vessels of

the Heart (Anterior View)
Vessels returning blood to the heart include:
1. Superior and inferior venae cavae
2. Right and left pulmonary veins
Vessels conveying blood away from the heart include:
1. Pulmonary trunk, which splits into right and left
pulmonary arteries
2. Ascending aorta (three branches)
a. Brachiocephalic
b. Left common carotid
c. Subclavian arteries
44

External Heart: Vessels that

Supply/Drain the Heart (Anterior
View)
Arteries right and left coronary (in
atrioventricular groove), marginal,
circumflex, and anterior interventricular
arteries
Veins small cardiac, anterior cardiac,
and great cardiac veins
45

External Heart: Anterior View

46

Figure 18.4b

External Heart: Major Vessels of

the Heart (Posterior View)
Vessels returning blood to the heart
include:
1. Right and left pulmonary veins
2. Superior and inferior venae cavae

Vessels conveying blood away from the

heart include:
1. Aorta
2. Right and left pulmonary arteries
47

External Heart: Vessels that

Supply/Drain the Heart
(Posterior View)
Arteries right coronary artery (in
atrioventricular groove) and the posterior
interventricular artery (in interventricular
groove)
Veins great cardiac vein, posterior vein
to left ventricle, coronary sinus, and
middle cardiac vein
48

External Heart: Posterior View

49

Figure 18.4d

What causes a heart attack?

Embolism = a blood clot in
an artery
Build-up of plaque in
walls of an artery
These can lead to
restriction or cessationof
blood flow in the afflicted
artery. A portion of the
mycardium may die
(myocardial infarction).

THE END

Wassalamu `alaykum

Conduction System of the Heart

Four structures composed of modified
cardiac muscle
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
Pacemaker of the heart
100s of cells in the R atrium near the
opening of the superior vena cava

Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

Small mass of cardiac muscle tissue

Left lower border of R atrium

Conduction System of the Heart

Atrioventricular Bundle
Also Bundle of His
Bundle of specialized cardiac muscle
fibers originating in the AV node
Branches into R and L branches
eventually becoming Purkinje fibers
Extend into the walls of the ventricles
and papillary muscles

SA
A
V