Chapter 14 the Pursuit of

Power

I. Power of Kings: Absolute or

Restrained?

1. Absolute Power

Unlimited and unrestrained

Increase royal authority by:
- Increasing control over finances,
religion, and nobility

1. Absolute Power

Increase royal authority by:

- Increasing size of standing army
and/or developing

1. Absolute Power

Increase royal authority by:

Increasing size of government bureaucracy and
making it an instrument of the royal will
Increasing size of territory
Through war if necessary

1. Absolute Power

Divine right
- God had established it
- Most Europeans accepted this
Representative assemblies

A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

Chief advisers:
1. Cardinal Richelieu
2. Cardinal Mazarin
Louis XIV

A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

Growth of Absolutism
Henry IV
Louis XIII
- Came to throne at age 9
- Chief minister: Cardinal Richelieu

A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

Growth of Absolutism
1. Richelieus other goals:
Destroy Huguenots
Weaken nobility

A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

Growth of Absolutism
2. Thirty Years War
Gustavus Adolphus
Peace of Westphalia

A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

Growth of Absolutism
3. Louis XIV
Chief minister: Cardinal Mazarin
Frondes

A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

4. Epitome of Absolutism: Louis XIV

Became his own chief minister
- I am the state

A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

Financial and military policies

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Reorganized French army

A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

Epitome of Absolutism: Louis XIV

Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Huguenots lost remaining freedom to worship
Results

A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

Life at Versailles
Sun King
Palace of Versailles
Pride
Known for immoral conduct

A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

Epitome of Absolutism: Louis XIV

Foreign policy
Wars
Financial problems
Louis XV

B) Absolutism Spreads in Europe

1.

Brandenburg-Prussia
Its resources
Junkers
Frederick William
- The Great Elector

B) Absolutism Spreads in
Europe
Brandenburg-Prussia
Frederick I
Interested in the arts
Imitated Louis XIV
King in Prussia
Frederick William I
Increase in the size of
the army

B) Absolutism Spreads in
Europe
Brandenburg-Prussia
Frederick II
Frederick the
Great
Tripled the size of
the Prussian state
Hohenzollern rulers

B) Absolutism Spreads in
Europe
2. Austria
Habsburg rulers
Unable to create strong absolutist state
Roman Catholic Church and nobility
held great power
Surrounded by aggressive neighbors
Ruled many nationalities

B) Absolutism Spreads in
Europe

Austria
Joseph II
Actions against the
Roman Church

B) Absolutism Spreads in
Europe

3. Russia
- Ivan IV the Terrible
Cruel and oppressive
Czar
- Romanov family

B) Absolutism Spreads in Europe

Russia
Peter I
Wished to adopt Western ways
New capital called St. Petersburg

B) Absolutism Spreads in Europe

Russia
Peter I
Great Northern War
Seized greater control over Russian Orthodox Church

B) Absolutism Spreads in
Europe
Russia
Catherine II the Great
Immoral and ambitious
Supported certain
social reforms
Continued territorial
expansion

C) Absolutism Defeated in England

Parliament
1. James I
Expected conformity to Anglican Church
Believed he ruled by divine right
Disputed with Parliament

C) Absolutism Defeated in England

2. Charles I
Continued to dismiss Parliament
Petition of Right (1628)
Tried to rule without Parliament for twelve
years
Scotland rebelled

C) Absolutism Defeated in
England
2. Charles I
Forced to recall
Parliament
Concessions were
made
Confrontation with
Parliament
Roundheads
Cavaliers

C) Absolutism Defeated in England

Parliamentary forces defeat Charles I

Army refuses to disband
Cromwells forces take power
Charles is put to death
Rump Parliament
Protectorate

C) Absolutism Defeated in England

- Instrument of Government
- Cromwells son Richard was the second Lord
Protector
- Parliament invited Charles II to take the throne
The Restoration
Parliament retained much of the power it
had won

C) Absolutism Defeated in England

3. Charles II
- Habeas Corpus Act
- Tried to remain financially independent of
Parliament

C) Absolutism Defeated in England

4. James II
- Catholic brother of Charles II
- Elderly with two daughters
- Had a son by his Catholic wife
- Parliament invited William and Mary to take
the throne
- Glorious Revolution

C) Absolutism Defeated in England

5. William III and Mary II
- Bill of Rights
Forbade future kings or queens from being
Roman Catholic
- Act of Settlement
Parliament could grant the throne
No longer a divine right

C) Absolutism Defeated in England

Future rulers:
Anne
George I
George II
Cabinet government

Chapter 14: Pursuit of Power in

Europe

II. Balance of Power

II. Balance of Power

Alliances
Motives for war
England always against France
Prussia always against Austria

A) War of the Spanish Succession

1702-1713
Causes
Grand Alliance
Victorious at Blenheim and Gibraltar
Queen Annes War

A) War of the Spanish Succession

Treaty of Utrecht
1. Philip retained throne in Spain only
2. Spain had to surrender some of its
possessions to Austria
3. Britain won some Canadian territories
from France

B) War of the Austrian Succession

1740-1748
Pragmatic Sanction
Maria Theresa
Began when Frederick II seized Silesia
France - Spain England enter the war

B) War of the Austrian Succession

Fighting in North America and India

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
- Ended fighting
- Status quo ante bellum

C) Seven Years War

1756-1763
Diplomatic Revolution
William Pitts strategy
War in North America
War in Europe
Treaty of Hubertusburg

C) Seven Years War

Treaty of Paris
France, Britain, Spain
France lost all territory on mainland of
North America
France lost most of its commercial
holdings in India

C) Seven Years War

Treaty of Paris
Spain lost Florida to Great Britain but
received New Orleans and Louisiana
from France
England emerged as a world power

D) Partition of Poland

Diplomacy
Prussia, Russia, and Austria
Poland disappeared from the map

The End!