Professional Documents
Culture Documents
11
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cultural
Physical
Biological
Chemical
Cultural Hazards
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death
(data from 2009)
Physical
Hazards
Natural/human
sources of the
avg. annual dose
of ionizing
radiation received
by the U.S.
population
Most studies
indicate that there
is no safe dose of
ionizing radiation
NON-TRANSMISSABLE
DISEASES
TRANSMISSABLE DISEASES
Not contagious
Examples:
Cancer*
Cardiovascular disorders
Diabetes*
Emphysema
Malnutrition
Contagious
Pathogens: bacteria,
viruses, protozoa, fungi
Transmission: air,
water, food, body
fluids, insects, vectors
Affected by human
activity
Contact
Travel
Urbanization
Global Distribution of
Biologic
al
Plasmodium protozoan
Hazards
Causes malaria
Vector: Anopheles
mosquitoes
Cause
harm by:
Hormones control
cellular processes
Attach to cell
receptors: lock-n-key
Hormone Blockers:
Prevents normal
attachment of
hormones
Prevents normal activity
Ex: androgens
Hormone Mimics:
Attach to receptors
Disrupt normal activity
Ex: estrogen mimics
51
chemicals
shown to disrupt
hormones of
wildlife, lab animals
& humans
1997
Study US &
European Men
50% decline in
sperm count
Examples:
PCBs,
dioxins, plastic
chemicals,
pesticides, lead,
mercury
Toxicity:
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
4. Chemical Interactions
Antagonistic
Synergistic
Case
Toxicity Rating
super toxic
LD50
< 0.01
extremely toxic
<5
very toxic
550
7 drop to 1 teaspoon
toxic
50500
moderately toxic
5005,000
1 ounce to 1 pint
slightly toxic
essentially nontoxic
5,00015,000
> 15,000
1 pint to 1 quart
more than 1 quart
HAZMATS:
Hazardous Materials
focus on:
Ignitability
Corrosivity
Reactivity
Toxicity
Material
Banned/highly
restricted
chemicals
Pesticides
Insecticides
Industrial Waste
Stockholm
Convention on
Persistent Organic
Pollutants
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Aldrin
Chlordan
DDT
Dieldrin
Endrin
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Mirex
Toxaphene
PCBs
Polychlorinated
Dioxins
Polychlorinated
Furans
Dose:
Response:
disease
Dose-Response Curves:
Bioaccumulation:
chemical
molecules stored
in body tissues @
higher than
expected levels
Biomagnification
: levels of toxins
magnified up
trophic levels
Synergistic
Interactions: 2+ factors
interact to increase response to
chemical(s)
Asbestos exposure alone = 20X increase risk of
lung cancer
Asbestos exposure + cigarette smoker = 400X risk
of lung cancer
Antagonistic
Poverty
Tobacco
Pneumonia/flu
Air pollution
AIDS
Diarrhea
TB
Malaria
Work related
injury &
disease
Hep B
Automobile
accidents
Measles
Airline crashes