SIMPLE PRESENT

TENSE
BY:
R. Rr. DITYA ROHMADHONA, M.Hum.
BHAKTI HUSADA MULIA COLLEGE
FOR HEALTH SCIENCE MADIUN

What is Simple Present Tense?

Its used to show something was true in past,

is true in the present, and will be true in the
future. Its also used for general statement or
fact.
Ex: the world is round, Water consists of
hydrogen and oxygen

Express habitual/everyday activity

Ex: I study for two hours every night.

May indicate a situation that exists right now,

at the moment of speaking
Ex: I have only a dollar right now

How is the pattern??

There are two patterns of simple
present tense, those are: verbal and
nominal.
Nominal Pattern This pattern hasnt
verb,
Its subtituted by Linking Verb / to be
(the word which is followed adjective/
noun/ adverb (complement).
He,She, It is
They, We, You are

So, the patterns are:

Positive sentences
Subject/Noun+LV+Complement

Ex: The world is round

N
LV
C
Ary is
a
nurse
S
LV
article
C
Negative Sentences
Subject/Noun+LV+
Not+Complement

Ex: The world is

not round
N
LV not
C

Negative Sentences

LV+Subject/Noun+Complement
?

Ex: Is
The world round ?
LV
N
C
Article is divided into two, those are: A
and An. An is used for the word which
has vowel or having vowel (a, i, u, e, o)
sound. Ex: an umbrella, an hour
A is used for the consonant (k.l.b.c...etc.)
word or which has consonant sound.
Ex: a book, a university, a universe

Verbal Pattern this pattern has

verb
Lets differentiate between verb base
(plural), verb-s (singular), and verb-es
(singular)
Verb Base is original verb/verb 1:
Ex: watch, see, cook, bite...etc.
Verb-s verb+s (for most words, simply
final-s is added to spell the world correctly)
Ex: Sing+s sings
Cook+s cooks

Verb-es: (final es is added to words that end

in: sh, -ch, -ss, -o, -zz, -x, -y)
Ex: -ch: watch watches
-ss: pass passes
-x : fix fixes
-sh: push pushes
-o : go goes
-zz: buzz buzzes
For the words that end in y:
If y is preceded by a consonant, the y is
changed into i and es is added.
Ex: study studies
If y is preceded by a vowel, -s is added
Ex: buy buys

What is the adverb?

Adv. of time/Time signal for simple present

tense is: everyday, every...., once a week, three
times a day, today, now, this afternoon, this
morning, etc.

Adverb of place: campus, hospital, surabaya, etc.

Adverb of frequency: always, often, seldom,

sometimes, ever, usually, etc. (its placed after
subject)

Adverb of manner: well, fast, quickly, early, etc.

HOW IS THE PATTERN?

Positive:
- The first formula is for subject He, She, It:

S/N+Vs/es+Complement
Ex:
Rama proposes Shinta
S
Verb-s Object
-

in the palace now.

adv of place TS
complement

- The second formula is for subject They,

We, You, I:
S/N+V1+Complement

Ex:
Rama and Shinta see beautiful scenery
S
V1
Object
in the palace this morning.
adv of place
TS
complement

Auxiliary (kata bantu kata kerja): do and does. Its

used in negative and interrogative form only.
Negative:
- The first formula is for subject He, She, It:

S/N+Does+Not+ V1+Complement
Ex:
Rama does not propose Shinta in the palace
now.
S
aux not Verb 1 Object adv of place TS
complement

- The second formula is for subject They, We,

You, I:
S/N+Do+Not+V1+Complement

Ex:
Rama and Shinta
S

do not
see
aux not
V1

beautiful scenery in the palace this morning

Object.
adv of place
TS
complement

Interrogative:
- The first formula is for subject He, She, It:
Does+S/N+ V1+Complement ?

Ex:
Does Rama propose Shinta in the palace
aux
S
Verb 1 Object adv of place
complement
now?
TS

The second formula is for subject They, We,

You, I:
Do+S/N+ V1+Complement ?

Ex:
Do Rama and Shinta see beautiful scenery
aux
S
V1
in the palace this morning?
adv of place
TS
complement

Object

tHaNk yOu
sEe YoU
-dHeRHo^_^