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The Nervous

System

By GE 1B Group 2

What is Nervous
System?

Itis the part of


thehumans body that
coordinates its actions
and transmits signals to
and from different parts of
its body.
It is the master
controlling and
communicating system of
the body - CONTROLS
and COORDINATES ALL
ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS

What are the Functions of


the Nervous System?
SENSORY FUNCTION: Nervous system uses its

millions of sensory receptors to monitor changes


occurring both inside and outside of the body. Those
changes are called STIMULI, and the gathered
information is called Sensory Input.
INTEGRATIVE FUNCTION: The Nervous System
process and interprets the sensory input ad makes
decisions about what should be done at each moment
a process called Integration.
MOTOR FUNCTION: The Nervous System then sends
information to muscles, glands, and organs (effectors)
so they can respond correctly, such as muscular
contraction or glandular secretions.

Organization of Nervous
System

Central Nervous System


An

easy way to think about


theCNSisall nerve encased
in bone.
Consists of the brain and the
spinal cord, which act as the
integrating and command
centers of the nervous system
They interpret incoming
sensory information and
issue instructions based on
past experience and current
conditions.

The Brain

The Spinal Cord


The

spinal cord is
a reflex center
and conduction
pathway which is
found within the
vertebral canal.
It extends from
the foramen
magnum to L1 or
L2.

Peripheral Nervous
System
ThePNSconsists

of all the other nerves


in our body orall nerves that are not
encased in bone.
They link all parts of the body by
carrying impulses from the sensory
receptors to the CNS and from the CNS
to the appropriate glands or muscles.
PNS has two (2) functional divisions:
Sensory/ Afferent Division &
Motor/Efferent Division

Sensory/ Afferent
Division
Consists of nerve fibers that convey
impulses to the CNS from sensory receptors
located in various parts of the body.
Sensory fibers that deliver impulses from the
skin, skeletal muscles, and joints are called
somatic (soma = body) sensory fibers.
Sensory fibers that transmit impulses from the
visceral organs are called visceral sensory
fibers, or visceral afferents.
The sensory division keeps the CNS constantly
informed of events going on both inside and
outside the body.

Motor/Efferent Division
Carries

impulses from the CNS to


effectors organs, muscles and
glands.

Somatic Nervous System


Allows us to consciously, or voluntarily,

control our skeletal muscles. SMS is often


referred to as the voluntary nervous
system, however, skeletal muscle
reflexes are also initiated involuntarily by
fibers of this same subdivision.

Autonomic Nervous
System

Regulates events that are automatic, or


involuntary, such as the activity of smooth
muscles and glands. This subdivision is
commonly called the involuntary
nervous system.

Sympathetic Nervous
System

Sympathetic . . .
It

controls what has been called the Fight or Flight


phenomenon because of its control over the necessary
bodily changes needed when we are faced with a situation
where we may need to defend ourselves or escape.

Your

Sympathetic Nervous System kicks in to prepare your


body: your heart rate quickens to get more blood to the
muscles, your breathing becomes faster and deeper to
increase your oxygen, blood flow is diverted from the
organs so digestion is reduced and the skin gets cold and
clammy and rerouted so to speak to the muscles, and your
pupils dilate for better vision. In an instant, your body is
prepared to either defend or escape.

Parasympathetic Nervous
System
It

is the housekeeping system


and is in control most of the time.

This

system relaxes us (the opposite


of the sympathetic); thus it is slow
acting, unlike its counterpart, and
may take several minutes or even
longer to get your body back to
where it was before.

Parasympathetic . . .

Why do psychologists study the brain and the nervous system?

Psychologists study the brain and the


nervous system because these parts of
the body are essential to the way that
people behave, think and feel. Psychology
is the scientific study of people's behavior
and their mind so studying the brain and
nervous system is always going to be a
crucial element for psychological study.
THANK YOU!!!

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