ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE

SWASTI STHAPAK

CLIMATOLGY
Climatology

deals with the study of climate.

Climate

is defined as the weather condition over a

certain period.

Climatology

in Architecture deals with creating

comfort conditions in the shelter considering climate
of that place.
CLIMATOLOGY

ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE
The

elements of climates are:

Temperature
Humidity
Precipitation
Vapour pressure
Sky condition
Solar radiation
Wind
CLIMATOLOGY

Temperature
Temperature

is the degree of hotness or

coldness of a body.

It

is measured in degree Celsius Fahrenheit,

Kelvin using the instrument thermometer.

For

measuring the temperature of

environment Stevenson screen is used.
CLIMATOLOGY

A stevenson screen is box shaped container

constructed of wood in a double louvered
design. its usually white in colour .

Its

purpose is to provide a standardised

environment in which temperature, humidity,
can be measured.

CLIMATOLOGY

stevenson screen is an instrument to shield

meteorological instruments against
precipitation and direct heat radiation from
outside sources while still allowing air to
circulate freely around them.

The

unit is supported by four wooden legs or

a wooden post.
CLIMATOLOGY

stevenson screen

CLIMATOLOGY

HUMIDITY
Humidity

is amount of water present in air.

It is measured by hygrometer (wet and dry bulb
thermometer).
There are two main measurements of humidity:
absolute humidity and relative humidity.
Absolute humidityis the absolute amount of water in
unit volume of air.
Relative humidity, expressed as a percent, measures
the absolute humidityto the maximum humidity that
the air can hold, i.e. saturated humidity for that
temperature.
CLIMATOLOGY

PRECIPITATION
Precipitation

is the term given to moisture

that falls from the air to the ground.
Precipitation includes snow, hail, sleet,
drizzle, fog, mist and rain
Precipitation is measured by rain gauge.
Arain gauge is a type of instrument used
bymeteorologistsandhydrologiststo gather
and measure the amount of
liquidprecipitationover a set period of time.
CLIMATOLOGY

Rain gauge

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VAPOUR PRESSURE
Vapour

pressureis thepressureexerted by
avapour at a given temperature in aclosed
system.
Vapour pressure is measured in the standard
units ofpressure. TheInternational System of
Units(SI)designates the Pascal(Pa).
Barometer is used to measure vapour
pressure.
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Barometer

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CLOUD COVER
Cloud

coveralso known
ascloudiness,cloudageorcloud amount.
It is defined as the amount of cloud present in
sky.
It is observed by a meteorologist.

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SOLAR RADIATION
the

radiant energy emitted by the sun is

called solar radiation.
actinometers are instruments used to
measure the heating power of radiation.

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WIND
Windis

the flow of gases on a large scale.

Wind is caused by differences inatmospheric
pressure. When adifference in atmospheric
pressureexists, air moves from the higher to
the lower pressure area, resulting in winds of
various speeds.
Wind speed is measured byanemometer.

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anemometer
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THANK YOU

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