THE

RENAISSA
NCE
MOVEMEN
T

RENAISSAN
CE
HUMANISM

REALISM

Realism
Derived from the greek word RES
which means real
Refers to the position that education
should be concerned with the
actualities of life
a new type of education was
developed to prepare the youth for
concrete duties of practical living

REALISM
Literary or Verbal
Realism

classical language
or literature were
the only material
worth reading

Social
Realism
education could be
best achieved by
direct contact with
people and social
activities and not
through books

Sense or
Scientific
Realism
incorporation of

scientific content
to education and
the use of
scientific method

LITERARY REALISM
Didnt entirely break away
from humanism
classical language or
literature were the
only material worth
reading
Interested in the scientific,
historical, and social instruction

LITERARY REALISTS

Juan Luis Vives

Francois
Rabelais

John Milton

AIMS
A complete knowledge
and understanding of
environment
Development of values
Development of the whole
man
For Actual living
To study words (read)

TYPES OF EDUCATION
Literary Education
Practical Education
Liberal Education

CONTENT
Vives: learning of vernacular
language first before other languages
Rabelais: proposed an extensive
subject matter with a wide range:
PE, games & sports, Bible study,
intellectual readings of classics

Milton: everything (ancient &

literary classics) had to studied,
Moral and Religious institutions

AGENCIES OF EDUCATION
Home
Public Day School
Academy
University

METHODS
Tutorial
Individualized Teaching
Incidental method
Reasoning
Reading widely & thoroughly
Travel

OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS
Practical education that
would enable man to
adjust himself to his
environment

SOCIAL REALISM
An aristocratic educational
movement in 16th-17th centuries.
Education should
equip the student for a
happy and successful
life as a man of the
world

Michel de Montaigne

AIMS
Pragmatic utilitarian
Decision-making
Social Relations

TYPES OF EDUCATION
Practical and social education
Physical, moral and
intellectual training

CONTENT
History
Philosophy
Latin
Mathematics, good
manners, military arts,
geography

AGENCIES
Tutor
Academies
Ritterakadamie

METHODS
Tutorial System- one to one
Travel
Understanding and judgment
Observation and social
contacts
Application

OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS
Tutorial system, finishing
school and private
military academies

SENSE REALISM
Other name: Scientific realism
True reality lies in
concepts, forces and
laws of nature
introduced scientific
content and utilized the
scientific method

SENSE REALISTS

RICHARD MULCASTER

FRANCIS BACON

SENSE REALISTS

WOLFGANG RATKE

JOHN AMOS COMENIUS

AIM
For a harmonious
society
Scientific
Religious, intellectual
and practical
Scientific method

TYPES OF EDUCATION
Scientific type of training
Liberal education
Religious and moral
education
Practical type of training
Linguistic and
intellectual education
Democratic and
vernacular education

CONTENT
MULCASTER
6 year elementary school: reading,
writing, vernacular, English, medium
of instruction, drawing and music,
physical exercises, and group sports
RATKE
Lower 3 grades: German vernacular
Higher grades: Classical language,
Music, arithmetic and religion

BACON
Most important subject is science and
its laws
Neglect of Mathematics
COMENIUS
Most Comprehensive curriculum
to know all things, to do all things, to say all things

Principle of Curriculum organization:

CONTINUITY

AGENCIES
Model educational institution
for scientific investigation
Six-year vernacular
elementary school
The School on the Mothers
Knee
Latin School
University
College of Light

AGENCIES
Textbook
Teacher
Seminar for training teachers
for the Volkschule
Pedagpoium
Realschule

Recommendations made by Comenius in Internal

administrative school organization
Start and admittance of all
schools: same date each year
Systematic organization of the
schedule of class work
Class: Separate room,
Separate teacher, Separate
textbooks, Separate tests
School days in accordance to
age of child

 No Homework
Half hours relaxation
following each study
period
Morning hours:
intellectual subjects
Afternoon: Physical &
Aesthetic Subjects

METHODS
Knowledge comes through the senses
Order of learning: things, thoughts,
words
Mulcaster
pupils must be studied thoroughly
and their innate abilities respected
make use of games, play, and
exercise for learning purposes
Bacon
Inductive method of learning

METHODS
Ratke
Learning should follow the course of nature
Learning should only be one thing at a time
Repetition must be done as often as possible
Learning in mother tongue
Learning should be without compulsion
No to rote learning
Similar subjects must be taught the same way
learning by senses first, then learning by
exploration
Learning should be done by induction and
experimentation

METHODS
Comenius
Should appeal the childs interests
Learning starts from senses
Learning must be of practical value
General principles first, details
follow
Things taught in succession, only
one at a time

Subject mastery
Learning by doing
Words must not be repeated
Mother tongue first to have effective
learning
Instruction fitted to childs
understanding
Senses, memory, imagination, and
understanding should be exercised
daily

OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS
Emphasis on science
Teaching science by laboratory method
Several tested methods of teaching
Use of vernacular
Development of textbook
Internal administrative organization of
school
Ladderized system
Emphasis placed on training teachers