Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lead
Excel
Be advance
Be prominent
Guide others
Hold command
Head the organization
Mission
Values
Norms
Principles
MANAGER
Administers
A copy
Maintains
Focus on system and structure
Relies on control
Short range
How and when ?
Eye on bottom line
Accepts status Quo
Does thing right
Evaluate
LEADER
Innovates
An original
Develops
Focus on people
Inspire trust
Long range perspective
What and why ?
Eye on horizon
Challenges status Quo
Does right thing
Inspire and motivate
Executive
Planner
Policy maker
Expert
Representative
Controller of internal relation
Provider of reward and punishment
Arbitration
Example
Ideologist
Father figure
Skill
Leadership
Communication styles
Group mobilization
Democratic leadership
Autocratic leadership
Laissez fare leadership
Tells, sells, consults and Joins
Delegation of authority
Maximum participation
Education, training and transfer
Appreciation and incentives
Open interaction
Effective public service deliveries
Professional recruitment
Women friendly management
Good incentive programs
Continuous skill development
Leading change
Continuous learning
Creativity and innovations
External Awareness
Flexibility
Receiveness (accepting change)
Service motivation
Strategic thinking
Vision
Conflict management
Cultural Awareness
Integrity and honesty
Team building
Accountability
Customer driven
Decisiveness
Entrepreneurship
Problem solving
Technical credibility
Financial management
Human resource management
Technical management
Building coalition and communication
Negotiation skill
Interpersonal capacities
Verbal communication
Partnership
Political realities
Globalization
Solution of complicated problems
Democratization and demand for
accountability
Market solution
Cultural pluralism and inclusiveness
Gender equality
Problems to be faced in the stage of adopting
federalism and decentralization
Low capacity of the state and lack of
confidence
Ethics, morality and transparency
Insurgency
Impunity
Poverty
No proper allocation of resource and services
Mafia driven
Motivating Leadership
Leader has role to motivate his /her followers or
subordinates
Leaders requires to develop certain skills for
motivating
Leadership itself is a source of motivation for
subordinates or followers
Theories of Motivation
Early Theories
Contemporary Theories
1) Scientific
Management
Theory
2) Human
Relation
Theory
1) Need-based theories
a) Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
b) Fredrick Hergbergs Dual Factor Theory
c) Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y
d) Clayton Alderfors ERG Theory (based on
needs for Existence, Relatedness and growth
e) David McClellands Achievement Theory
(APA theory)
2) Process-based Theories
a) Victor Vrooms Expectancy Valence Theory
b) J. Stancy Adams Equity Theory
E.D Lockes Goal setting Theory
Techniques of Motivation
Financial
Non-financial
Direct
Indirect
Benefits (pensions/ gratuities,
leaves, medical insurance, etc)
Services (Accommodation,
transportation, subsidized food,
education services, lower
interest credit, etc.)
Decision
making
Decision making
Important part in management and it often
reflects the experience of the person making
the decision.
Decision making is centered on the three
basic questions that lead to making a
decision.
- What change has to be done to achieve
a
particular goal?
- To what extent the change has to be made?
- And how to make that change happen?
Decision making.
The process of choosing a course of
action for dealing with a problem or
opportunity
Decision environments
include
Certain environments
Risk environments
Uncertain environments
appropriate.
In dynamic settings, the garbage model may be more appropriate.
Types of decision making
- Rational decision making
- Bounded rationality
- Incrementalism
- Mixed scanning
Simple
Complicated
Complex
Chaotic
High Turbulence
No clear cause- and effect
relationship
Cognitive
factors
Social
context
Decision Steps
1 . What are the facts of the case?
2 . What are the ethical issues in the case?
3 . What are the norms, principles, and values
related to the case?
4 . What are the alternative courses of action?
5 . What is the best course of action that is
consistent with the norms, principles, and values
identified in Step 3?
6 . What are the consequences of each possible
course of action?
7 . What is the decision?