;DklQ z'l4s/0f

sfg'g /
n]vfk/LIf0f
k]zfdf o;sf]
c;/

s] xf] ;DklQ
z'l4s/0f <

;DklQ z'l4s/0f eGgfn] u}/sfg'gL ?kdf cfh{g u/]sf]

cz'4 ;DklQnfO{ sfg'gL ?kdf z'4 agfpg] k|lqm||of xf] .
;fdfGo af]nrfnsf] efiffdf sfnf] wgnfO{ ;]tf] wg agfpg]
sfo{ g} ;DklQ z'l4s/0f xf] . o;nfO{ e'ldut cy{tGqsf]
d'Vo ls|ofsnfksf] ?kdf lnO{G5 .
sfg'gL cy{df ;DklQ z'l4s/0fnfO{ ca}w ?kdf cfh{g
ul/Psf] ;DklQsf] kl/ro, >f]t / uGtAo n'sfpg ul/g] lalQo
sf/f]jf/sf] ?kdf a'\g ;lsG5 . o:tf] ck/flws ls|ofsnfk
nfdf] ;do b]lv rnL cfPsf] ePtf klg ;g !(@) b]lv dfq
Aoj;fosf] cfly{s clen]v /fVg' kg]{ h:t} sf/ w'g], n'uf
w'g] h:tf Aoazfo dfkm{t o:tf ls|ofsnfk x'g yfn] kl5
klxnf] k6s cd]l/sfdf o;nfO{ Money Laundering eGg]
zAb 4f/f pRrf/0f ul/of] . z'?df ;DklQ z'l4s/0f
zAb ;ul7t ck/fw -Organised Crime _ ;Da4 laQLo
sf/f]jf/sf nflu pko'Qm x'GYof]

s] xf] ;DklQ ========

s/ 5Ng], unt n]vf /fVg], h:tf ls|
ofsnfknfO{ ;d]t ;d]6L ;s]sf] 5 .
>f]t gv'n]sf] ca}w tl/sfn] cfh{g u/]sf
s/sf] bfo/fdf g;d]l6Psf
ck/flws
tl/sfn]
cfh{g
ul/Psf]
cs't
;DklQnfO{ a}wflgs agfO{ sfg'gsf]
bfo/fdf Nofpg AolQm, ;d'x jf ;u7gn]
ckgfpg] s[lqd tl/sf, K|fls[of jf lalw g}
;DklQ z'4s/0f xf] .

Kfl/efiff
Laundering sf] cy{ w'nfO ug'{ xf] .
Money Laundering sf] cy{ ;DklQsf]
w'nfO ug'{ xf] . csf]{ zAbdf eGbf
cz'4 ;DklQnfO{ z'4 ;DklQdf kl/0ft
ug'{ xf] . National institute of Justice,!
((@, USA n] ;DklQ z'l4s/0fsf] kl/efiff
o;/L u/]sf] 5 .
" The process of converting illegally
earned assets, originating as cash, to one or
more alternative forms to conceal such
incremating factors as illegal origin and
true ownership "

cGt/fli6o d'b|f sf]ifsf Deputy

Managing Director Murilo Portugal sf
cg'zf/ " Global financial stability hinges
on collective actions at the international
level, but also in effective national
systems. Robust anti-money laundering
and combating the financing of terrorism
regimes are important pillars of
international regulatory and supervisory
system and part and parcel of the current
efforts to strengthen the global financial
framework."

;DklQ z'l4s/0fn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ kg]

{ laifox?
-policy in respect of Anti-money laundering
-customer identification and verification
- Record Keeping
- Account monitoring and suspicious transaction
reporting
- The role of Money laundering Reporting
officers/ compliance officer
-Training of employees
-Independent review of its Anti-Money laundering
program.

ca}w
tl/sfn]
;DklQ
cfh{g ug]{ tl/sfx?
ck/flws ;d'xaf6 k|fKt cfly{s
;xof]u
dfgj t:s/L / dfgj c+usf] ca}w k|
Tof/f\k0f
nfu'cf}ifwLsf] cf];f/k;f/
d"Nojfg h8La'6Lsf] ca}w Aofkf/
rf]/L, l;sf/L, ca}w / s[lqd Aofkf/
;+/If0f ul/g' kg]{ k"/ftflTjs
P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf] a:t'x?sf] Aofkf/
lalgdo
lgif]w
ul/Psf
sfd
s'/fx?af6
cflh{t ;DklQ

;DklQ z'l4s/0f ug]{ tl/sf

crn ;DklQsf] vl/b las|L ug]{
u}/ sfg'gL ';DklQnfO{ sfg'gL ;DklQdf
ld;fpg]
ax'd'No a:t'x?sf] vl/b las|L ug]{
lalQo ;+:yfx?sf] k|of]u ug]{
Sofl;gf] k|of]u ug]{
Tf:s/L ug]{
;/sf/L gLltdf g} :jo+ s/ 3f]if0ff ug]{
Zf]o/ las|L ug]{
:jb]zL tyf lab]zL a}sdf /sd hDdf ug]{
pBf]u wGbfdf nufgL ug]{
7]Ssf kfaf6 ePsf] egL cfo b]vfpg]

s]xf] z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/

z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/ s]xf] egL kl/efifLt
u/LPsf] 5}g . t/ sf/f]jf/nfO{
;fdfGo / c;fdfGo u/L efu nufpg]
xf] eg] ;fdfGo ljlw Jojxf/df ;fdfGo
nfUg] sf/f]jf/ jfx]ssf sf/f]jf/ hf]
c;fdfGo 5 nfO{ z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/
eGg ;lsG5 . g]kfnsf] sfg'gn]
slt ;Ddsf] o:tf] c;fdfGo sf/f]jf/
nfO{ z+sf:kb dfGg] s'g} sf/f]jf/
l;df (Threshold) tf]s]sf] 5}g .

z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/ s]xL ;"rsx?

lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
=ljleGg zfvf af6 x'g] sf/f]jf/
=cfGtl/s lgoGq0f / sfg'gsf] k/Lkfngf ;
+jGwdf u|fxssf] cgfjZos / cgfjZos
;f]wLvf]hL
=u|fxssf] cfkm\gf] / sf/f]jf/sf] af/]df cgfjZos
k'i6\ofO{ lbg'
=u|fxsn] cfkm'nfO{ t];|f] kIFsf] ?kdf k|:t't
ug{' t/ ;f] s'/f gjtfpg'
=u|fxsn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/L ;+u
glhssf] ;+jGw agfpg] k|of; ug{' .
=sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] k|ltj]bg glbg] dg;fon]
vf]hL lglt ug{'
=/sdsf] sf/f]jf/sf] 9frf (Structure)

=Tff]s]sf] l;df eGbf s]xL sddf gub

lemSg] /fVg] ug{'
=u|fxsn] ;fdfGotof u/L /x]sf] sf/f]jf/
eGbf w]/} a9L /sdsf] c:jfefljs sf/f]jf/
ug{' .
=u|fxssf] k]zf, jf 3f]lift Joj;fo / Ifdtf
eGbf a9L gub lemSg] /fVg], b}lgs
gub sf/f]jf/ ug{], / ljleGg zfvfaf6
lg/Gt/ sf/f]jf/ ug{]
=cgfjZos ?kdf h6Ln sf/f]jf/ ug{+],

=c;+jGwLt Joj;fo ;+u sf/f]jf/ ug{],

-vfWo pBf]un], h'Qf sf/vfgf
nfO{ e'QmfgL ug{]_
=;+:yfsf] pb]Zo ;+u d]n gvfg] sf/f]jf/
ug{] u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf (NGOs)
=/sd hDdf x'g] ljQLs} lemSg]
=pRr hf]vLd ePsf] b]z, zx/ af6 /sd k|
fKt ePsf] t/ sf/0f gv'n]sf]
=u|fxsn] unt / em'Sofpg] ;"rgf lbg]
=7'nf] /sd vftfdf hDdf x'g' t/ ut
sf/f]jf/ ;+u gldNg'

;DklQ z'l4s/0fsf r/0fx?

;DklQ z'l4s/0f ug]{ tl/sf Tof]
b]zsf] sfg'gL Aoa:yf adf]lhd km/s
km/s x'g ;Sb5 . ;fdfGotof ;DklQ
z'l4s/0fsf tLg r/0fx? /x]sf] kfOG5
M
:yflkt u/]/ - Placement _
3/ hUuf vl/b ug]{
ca}w wgnfO laleGg cfly{s
s[ofsnfkdf vr{ ug]{
a+ls If]qdf nufgL ug]{
D'fb|f kl/jt{g ug]{

Tfx ldnfg u/]/ ( Layring )

Jff:tlastfnfO 9fs5f]k ug]{
Ufnt ;DklQaf6 lsg]sf]nfO k"gM
las|L ug]{
D'fb|fnfO z]o/, 6fen/ r]s, unt
sfuhsf] >[hgf ug]{

Psfsf/ ug]{ - integration _

a}w / ca}wnfO Pp6} e"lddf
Psfsf/ ug]{
crn ;DklQ vl/b / lab]zL a}sdf
nufgL ug]{

;DklQ
z'l4s/0fn]
kfg]
{ gsf/fTds k|efjx?
/fhlgtLdf ck/flws/0f a9\g]
lalQo cg'zf;g wf/f;foL x'g]
b]zsf] cy{tGqdf t:s/ / dflkmofx?
sf] k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{
O{dfGbf/ nufgLstf{df g}/fZotf
pTkGg eO cy{tGqdf dlGb cfpg
;Sg]
cfly{s s'6gLltdf gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{

;DklQ
z'l4s/0fn]
{ gsf/fTds k|efjx?

kfg]

cft+safb;+u ;DalGwt ultljwLsf]

a9f]Q/L x'g]
;+ul7t ck/fwn] sfg'gL Aoa:yfdf
gsf/fTds k|efj kfl/ ;dfhdf zflGt tyf
cdgr}g sfod g/xg]
sfnf]
wgsf]
lanf;L
vr{n]
ubf{
h'jf,
Tff;,
a]Zofa[lt,
nfu'cf}ifw ;]jg, sldzgtGq, b]vfj6L
cf8Dj/Lkg h:tf las[lt Pj+ la;+ult

;DklQ z'l4s/0fsf] k|of; lsg <

Money laundering / Terrorist financing
_ nfO ck/flws/0f u/L ;DklQ
z'l4s/0fstf{x?nfO{ sfg'gsf]
bfo/fdf NofO{ bl08t ug{
Money laundering / terrorist financing
af6 cflh{t ;DklQ hkmt ug
z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf] klxrfg u/L
cleo'QnfO cg';Gwfg, txlssft Pj+
cleof]hg u/L sfg'g adf]lhd sf/jfxL
ug
cGt/fl6o ;xof]usf] cfbfg k|bfg
ug{
/fi6sf] cy{tGqnfO{ :jflwg
agfpg
;'zf;gnfO k|a4{g ug{ ;DklQ

g]kfndf
;DklQ
z'l4s/0f
lgjf/0fsf k|of;
la=;+ @)^$ ;fndf ;DklQ
z'l4s/0f P]g / la=;= @)^^ df
;f] ;DalGw lgodfjnL hf/L
;DklQ z'l4s/0f tyf cfTtsafbL ls|
ofsnfkdf lalQo nufgL lgjf/0f
;DaGwL sfo{nfO ult lbg
cy{ dGqfnon] kfFr aif]{ /0flglt
tyf sfo{of]hgf, @)^* ;fn sflt{s
@( ut] ;fj}hlgs u/]sf] 5
k|lta4tf cg'?k ;DklQ z'l4s/0f
tyf cft+safbL ls|ofsnfkdf lalQo

g]kfndf ;DklQ z'l4s/0f

================
===
cg';Gwfg, cGt/fli6o / k|flalws ;ldlt u7g
ul/Psf] 5
z+sf:kb lalQo sf/f]jf/sf nflu lalQo
hfgsf/L O{sfO{ tyf cg';Gwfg / cleof]hgsf
nflu ;DklQ zl4s/0f laefu ;lqmo 5 .
lalQo hfgsf/L O{sfO{af6 #*& z+sf:kb
sf/f]jf/sf] cg';Gwfg ug{ elgPsf]df !#@
j6f cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf]

z'l4s/0f ug{ lgDg ck/fwx?sf] k|

d'v :yfg /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
e|i6frf/
s/ 5nL
nfu' cf}ifw cf];f/ k;f/
dfgj a]rlvg tyf cf];f/k;f/
;fwf/0f 7uL
cft+safb
a]Zofa[lt cflb

g]kfndf ;DklQ z'l4s/0f lgoGq0fsf

nfuL laleGg /fli6o sfg'gx?
dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f
P]g @)^$
k|flrg :df/s ;+/If0f P]g @)$#
e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g @)$(
dfgj zl//sf] c+u k|Tof/f]k0f
lgoldt tyf lgif]w _ P]g @)%%,
/fl6o lgs'Gh tyf aGohGt' ;+/If0f
P]g @)@(
nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g @)##,
xftxltof/ tyf v/vhfgf ;DalGw P]g
@)!(
lab]zL lalgdo lgoldt ug]{ P]g
@)!(
ag P]g @)$(

;DklQ z'l4s/0f u/]sf] dflgg] ca:yf

b]xfosf s'g} jf ;j} sfo{ jf s;'/ u/L k|ToIf jf
ck|ToIf ?kdf k|fKt, wf/0f, ef]urng u/] jf
u/fPsf] ;DklQ jf To:tf] ;DklQ s'g} k|sf/n]
nufgL u/L a9] a9fPsf] ;DklQ ;DalGwt
AolQ jf cGo s;}n] k|fKt jf wf/0f jf
ef]urng , k|of]u, pkof]u jf cfh{g u/] jf
u/fPdf jf To:tf] ;DklQsf] >f]t, k|s[lt,
:yfg, :jfldTj,clwsf/, sf/f]jf/ n'sfpg] , kl/jt{g
ug]{ jf 5Ng] p4]Zon] jf x:tfGt/0f u/] jf
u/fPdf jf To;/L k|fKt ;DklQ xf] eGg] hfgL
hfgL jf laZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;j sf/0f
eO{ To:tf] ;DklQ k|fKt, vl/b, wf/0f,
ef]urng, k|of]u, pkof]u, jf pkef]u u/] jf
u/fPdf jf cGo s'g} klg tl/sfn] sf/f]jf/ jf

;DklQ z'l4s/0f u/]sf] dflgg]

s;'/
o; P]gn] ;DklQ z'l4s/0f u/]sf]
dflgg] s;'/ cGt{ut b]xfosf s;'/x?
nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf] kfOG5
/fh:j 5nL
;ul7t ?kdf ck/fw u/Lg'
cftssf/L ls|ofsnfkdf nufgL
u/Lg'
xftxltof/ v/vhfgf ;DalGw k|rlnt
sfg'g cGt{utsf]
s;'/ u/Lg'
lab]zL lalgdo lgoldt ug]{ sfg'g
cGt{utsf] s;'/ u/L Hofg, rf]/L,

;DklQ
z'l4s/0f
==============

u/]sf]

nfu'cf}ifw lgoGq0f ;DalGw s;'/ u/L

/fli6o lgs'Gh tyf aGo hGt' ;/If0f
;DalGw s;'/ u/L
Dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/ k;f/ lgoGq0f
;DalGw s;'/ u/L
;xsf/L ;DalGw s;'/ u/L
ag ;DalGw sfg'g cGt{utsf] s;'/ u/L
e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ;DalGw s;'/ u/L
a}s tyf laQLo ;:yf ;DalGw sfg'g
cGt{utsf] s;'/ u/L
a}ls s;'/ tyf ;hfo ;DalGw s;'/ u/L
k|flrg :df/s ;/If0f ;DalGw s;'/ u/L
g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;'rgf k|sfzg u/L

Goflos cEof;
;DklQ z'l4s/0f P]g @)^$ cfP kl5
cg';Gwfg e} d'4fx? cbfnt k|j]z
u/]sf] Hofb} Go'g ;+Vofdf b]lvG5
.
o; ck/fw ;+u ;DalGwt d'4fx?
X]g{sf
nflu
laz]if
cbfntnfO{ tf]lsPsf]
g]kfn ;/sf/ afbL e} ldgaxfb'/ 3n]
ljkIfL ePsf] d'4f, dn]l;of ;'g lng
hfg nfUbf Po/kf]6{af6 tLgnfv ?
k}of ;lxt ks|fp ePsf]df labzL d'b|f
lalgdo P]g @)!( cGt{ut rn]sf]
pQm d'4fdf laz]if cbfntn] lauf]
/sd hkmt ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

u|fxssf]
klxrfg,
sf/f]jf/
laj/0f ;DaGwL Aoa:yf

s'g} a}s tyf laQLo ;:yf jf u}/

laQLo ;:yfn] s'g} AolQ;u s'g} k|sf/sf]
Aojzflos ;DaGw :yfkgf ubf{ jf g]kfn
/fi6 a}sn] ;do ;dodf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L
tf]s]sf] /sd eGbf a9L /sdsf] Ps} k6s jf
k6s k6s u/L sf/f]jf/ ubf{ To:tf] AolQsf]
klxrfg :k:6 ?kdf ug'{ kg]{ 5 . o;/L u|
fxssf] klxrfg ubf{ a}s, lalQo ;:yf jf u}/
lalQo ;:yfn] To;/L Aojzflos ;DaGw
:yfkgf
ug]{
jf
sf/f]jf/
ug]
{
AolQnfO{
cfaZos
sfuhft
k]z

ljQLo hfgsf/L O{sfO

;DklQ z'l4s/0f ;DalGw ;"rgf ;sng
tyf laZn]if0f ug{sf] nflu g]kfn
/fi6 a}sdf Pp6f ljQLo hfgsf/L
O{sfO{ /xg] 5 . h;sf] k|d'vdf
g]kfn /fi6 a}ssf] k|yd >]0fLsf
clws[t / sfof{no g]kfn /fi6
a}sdf /xg] 5 . o; O{sfO{sf] sfd
sQ{Ao / clwsf/df ;/sf/L lgsfo, a}s
tyf laQLo ;:yf / u}/ laQlo ;:yfaf6
sf/f]jf/sf] laj/0f k|fKt ug]{, k|
zf]wg u/L clen]v /fVg], cfaZos
hfra' tyf cg';Gwfg ug]{, cfaZos
b]lvP sf/afxLsf nfuL laefudf n]lv
k7fpg],
laj/0fx?
kf/:kl/stfsf
cfwf/df pknAw u/fpg] / ;f] k|fKt

;DklQ z'l4s/0f laefu u7g

;DklQ z'l4s/0f P]g @)^$ cGt{utsf
s;'/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf txlssft ug{ ;f]xL
P]gsf] bkmf !!-!_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n]
Ps ;DklQ z'l4s/0f cg';Gwfg laefu
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dGqL kl/ifbsf] ldlt
@)^*#! sf] lg0f{ofg'zf/ :yfkgf
u/]sf]
5
.
cg';Gwfg
txlssftsf]
l;nl;nfdf ;/sf/L lgsfo, a}s, laQLo ;:yf
jf u}/ laQLo ;:yfnfO{ cfaZos sfuhft
laefudf k]z ug{ cfb]z lbg], sfuhft,
lnvt, b;L k|df0f a/fdb ug]{, sAhfdf
lng], ;Da4 AolQnfO{ pkl:yt u/fO{
;f]wk'5 ug]{, aofg lng], sfuh
u/fO{ 5f8g], tf/]vdf /fVg], w/f]6L
hdfgt
lng],
jf
cbfntsf]
cg'dlt

;DklQ z'l4s/0f u/L ;DklQ cfh{g

u/]sf] dflgg] cfwf/
;DklQ z'l4s/0f P]g cGt{utsf] s;'/df d'4f
rnfOPsf]df AolQsf] cfo>f]t jf cfly{s
ca:yfsf] t'ngfdf lghsf] ;DklQ c:jeflas
b]lvg cfPdf jf lghn] c:jeflas pRr hLjg:t/
ofkg u/]df jf cfk\mgf] x}l;ot eGbf a9L
s;}nfO{ bfg, bftAo, pkxf/ ;fk6L, rGbf jf
as; lbPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf lghn] To:tf]
;DklQ s] s:tf] >f]taf6 cfh{g u/]sf] xf]
eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ 5 / To;/L k|
dfl0ft ug{ g;s]df To:tf] ;DklQ o; P]g
cGt{ut s;'/ u/L k|fKt u/]sf] dflgg] 5 .

s;'/ ug]{nfO{ x'g] b08 ;hfo

cftFssf/L ls|ofofsnfkdf nufgL ug]

{nfO{ ! aif{ b]lv kfFr aif{ ;Dd s}b /
lauf] v'n]sf]df lauf] adf]lhd / gv'n]sf]df
kfFr nfv ?k}of ;Dd hl/jfgf x'g] 5 .
cftFssf/L ls|ofsnfkdf nufgL ug]{nfO
afx]s kl/R5]b @ cGt{utsf cGo s;'/ ug]
{nfO{ lauf] adf]lhdsf] hl/jfgf / Ps
aif{ b]lv rf/ aif{ ;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]
5.
s'g} a}s tyf laQLo ;F:yf jf u}/laQLo
;F:yfn] u/]sf] s;'/sf] ;DaGwdf dfly pNn]v
eP adf]lhdsf] ;hfo ubf{ a}s tyf laQLo
;F:yf jf u}/ljQLo ;F:yfsf] s;'/ ug]
{ kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L klxrfg x'g ;s]df
To:tf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ / klxrfg
x'g g;s]sf]df s;'/ x'Fbfsf avt ;f] a}s tyf
laQLo ;F:yf jf u}/laQLo ;F:yfsf] k|d'v
eO{ sfdsfh ug]{ AolQnfO{ ;hfo x'g]5 .

s;'/
ug]{nfO{
==============

x'g]

o; P]g cg'zf/ s;'/ ug{ pBf]u ug]{ jf

ug{
d4t
ug]{
jf
b'?T;fxg
lbg]nfO{ s;'/bf/nfO{ x'g] ;hfosf]
cfwf ;hfo x'g] 5 .
s;}n] s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf
;F:yfnfO{ k|of]u u/L o; P]g adf]lhd
s;'/ u/] jf u/fPdf To:tf] kmd{, sDkgL
jf ;F:yfnfO{ ;d]t o; bkmf adf]lhd
hl/jfgf x'g]5 .
dflysf afx]s s;}n] of] P]g jf o; P]g
cGt{ut ag]sf] lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf]

;DklQ z'l4s/0f lgjf/0f ug{ rfNg'

kg]{ sbdx?
;'rgf k|lawLsf] k|of]u
;DklQm n'sfpg] la?4 cgt/fli6o pQ/bfloTj
axgsf] cfjZostf
cfly{s Pj+ lalQo :yfloTj :yfkgf ug]{
:j+s/ 3f]if0ff -VDIS) nfO a}wflgstf lbg
gx'g]
Sofl;gf]nfO Aoal:yt ug'{ kg]{
;DklQ z'l4s/0f / n]vfkl/If0f k]zfsf ljrsf]

;DklQ z'l4s/0f lgjf/0f

=================
laQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{af6 hf/L
lgb]{zg4f/f n]vfkl/If0f
AoazfoLsf d'Vo lhDd]jf/Lx?
u|fxs;]jfu|fxLsf] :k:6 klrfg
sfod u/L ;f] sf] laj/0f /fVg' kg
ljj/0f lbg' kg
z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf] laj/0f k7fpg'
kg
;'rgf lbg' kg]{ z+sf:kb sfd
sf/f]jf/sf] k|s[lt

osfo{fGjog
Aoj:yf

clws[tsf]

n]vfk/LIfs cfkm} jf cfkm';+u

sfo{ ug]{ s'g} AolQmnfO{ ;DklQ
z'l4s/0f -dgL nfpG8l/ _ lgjf/0f
P]g , laQLo hfgsf/L OsfOsf] lgb{zg
tyf o; ;DaGwL cGo k|rlnt sfg'g
adf]lhd sfo{ ug]{ -Focal Point _ sf] ?
kdf sfd ug{ Ps sfof{Gjog clws[tsf]
Aoa:yf ug'{ kg]{ 5 . sfd ug]
{
AoQmLsf]
gfd,
7]ufgf,

oljj/0f k7fpg] k4lt

n]vfk/LIfsn] laQLo hfgsf/L OsfOdf
k7fpg' kg]{ ljj/0f b]xfo adf]lhd x'g'
kg]{ 5
z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf] ;'rgf tyf ljj/0f cg';'rL
@ sf] 9f+rfdf k7fpg' kg]{ 5 .

z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/nfO{ kq, km\ofS;,

O{d]n h:tf laB'lQo ;+rf/ dfWodaf6
laQLo hfgsf/L OsfOnfO{ k7fpg ;lsg]
5 . To:tf dfWodaf6 hfgsf/L k7fPsf] eP
tTsfn cGo dfWodaf6 ;f] sf] k'li6
ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
laQLo hfgsf/L OsfOnfO{ lbOPsf]
laj/0fdf s'g} s'/f 5'6 ePdf jf To:tf]
sf/f]jf/ ubf{sf ;dodf ;DalGwt AolQn]
k]z u/]sf] laj/0f jf hfgsf/L eGbf km/s

ocg'udg tyf lgodg

k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'g tyf ;DklQ
z'l4s/0f -dgL nfpG8l/_ lgjf/0f P]g
tyf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ePsf lgod,
ljlgod, lgb]{zg jf cfb]z adf]lhd
ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? n]vfk/LIfsn] u/]
gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf ;do ;dodf
cg'udg ug{ u/fpg jf ;DalGwt
lgsfonfO cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg] 5 .

To;/L cg'udg ubf{ u/fp+bf

cfaZos kg]{ ;Dk'0f{ ;xof]u
ug'{ u/fpg' ;DalGwt n]vfkl/If0f
Aoa;foLsf] sQ{Ao x'g] 5 .

oUff]Kotf e ug{ gx'g]

N]fvfkl/If0f Aoa;foL jf
;f]sf] s'g} klg sd{rf/L,
kbflwsf/L
jf
k|ltlglwn]
laQLo hfgsf/L OsfOnfO k|
bfg u/]sf] ;'rgf, hfgsf/L,
cg';Gwfg
tyf
txlssftsf]
l;nl;nfdf jf cfkmgf] sQ{Ao
kfng ubf{ 1ft x'g cfPsf]
s'g} klg tYo jf bflvn ePsf]
s'g} klg lnvtsf] uf]Kotf k|
rlnt sfg'gn] afWo u/]sf]

;DklQ z'l4s/0sf l;nl;nfdf

AoazfoLsf r'gf}tLx?

N]fvfkl/If0f

laQLo hfgsf/L O{sfO{nfO lbg' kg]{ ;'rgfx?sf]

auL{s/0fdf ;d:of x'g' .
Aoa:yfkgn] /fv]sf] axLvftfsf] kl/If0f u/L /fo
lbg' kg]{ lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] n]vfkl/If0f Aoazfo
z'4 cz'4 ;DklQ 5'ofpgdf ;d]t lhDd]jf/ x'g' .
;DklQ z'l4s/0f lgjf/0f P]g tyf lgodfjnLn]
n]vfAoa;foLnfO{ ;'rssf] ?kdf tf]s]sf] x'+bf
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] bfloTj tf]s]sf] 5
s = s;}n] /fi6 a}sn] tf]ssf] /sd eGbf a9L
/sdsf] Psd'i6 jf k6s k6s sf/f]jf/ u/]df ;f] sf]
clen]v /fVg] .
v = s'g} sf/f]jf/ z+sf:kb b]lvPdf jf ;DklQ
z'l4s/0f ug]{ p4]Zon] u/]sf] jf ePsf] b]lvPdf jf
z+sf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf ;f] ;DaGwdf
cg';Gwfg tyf hfFra' ug]{ .
u= v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] sf/f]jf/sf] laj/0fsf]
hfgsf/L t'?Gt lalQo hfgsf/L O{sfOnfO{ lbg]
;'rs ;+:yfn] cfkmgf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tflndsf]
Aoa:yf ug]{ , cfGtl/s lgb]{lzsf agfO nfu' ug]{,

b]xfosf hLDd]jf/L klg

jf ;:yfnfO{ tf]lsPsf] 5
laQLo hfgsf/L O{sfO{n]
sf/f]jf/sf] clen]v /fVg] .

;'rs
tf]s]

AolQm
adf]lhd

of] lgodfjnL nfu' ePsf ldltn] % aif{ leq

laQLo hfgsf/L OsfOn] tf]s]adf]lhd k'/fgf
u|fxssf] clen]v cBfalws u/L ;f] sf] tYof
;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg ;f] OsfO ;dIf k]z ug]{ .
z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf] clen]v 5'}
k'l:tsfdf ;DalGwt sd{rf/L / sfof{no k|
d'vsf] x:tfIf/ u/fO{ uf]Ko /fVg] .
s]lGb|o sfof{nodf Aoa:yfklso txsf] Ps
pRr kbflwsf/LnfO sfof{Gjog clws[t tf]sL
lghsf] gfd , 7]ufgf/ ;Dks{ 6]lnkmf]g
gDa/sf] hfgsf/L laQLo hfgsf/L OsfOnfO{
lbg], t/ ;/sf/L lgsfosf] xsdf ;f] lgsfosf] k|
d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sfof{Gjog clws[tsf] ?
kdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] .
z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf] laj/0f Plsg u/L laQLo
hfgsf/L OsfOdf clgjfo{ ?kdf k7fO ;f] sf]

cfkmgf] u|fxssf] sf/f]jf/nfO{ hf]lvdo'Qm

sf/f]jf/ cGt{ut /fvL ;"rgf ug'[{ kg]{ .

sfof{Gjog clws[t ;+u ;dGjo u/L sfd

ug'{ kg]{ ePsfn] :jeflas ?kdf :jtGq
lsl;dn] sfd ug]{ n]vfkl/If0f Aoj;foLx?sf
nfuL yk r'gf}tL >[hgf x'g' .
cfkm'nfO{ k|fKt ;'rgf tTsfn sfof{Gjog
clws[t dfkm{t k]z u/]sf]df ;f] sf] tTsfn
cGo dfWodaf6 k'li6 ug'{ kg]{ yk
lhDd]jf/L >[hgf x'g' .
cg'udgst{fnfO{ cg'udg ubf{ u/fpbf
cfaZos ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]u ug'{ u/fpg'
n]vfkl/If0f Aoj;foLsf] sQ{Aosf] ?kdf
tf]lsg' .
g]kfn rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G6\; ;+:yf4f/f
lglZrt ul/Psf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf tyf laQLo
hfgsf/L O{sfOn] hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zgsf lar
tfnd]n ldnfO sfd ug{ sl7gfO{ >[hgf x'g'
.
n]vfkl/If0f AoazfoLn] cft+ssf/Lsf] klxrfg,

;dfwfgsf pkfox?
lb3{sflng gLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ .
n]vfkl/If0f Aoa;foLx?nfO{ ;do ;fk]If
tflnd tyf Ifdtf clea[l4sf sfo{s|dx? ;
+rfng ul/g' kg]{ .
;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] cfly{s
gLlt :ki6 / kf/bzL{ x'g' kg]{ .
;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg / ;xof]u ug]{ ;:s[ltsf]
lasfz cGt/fli6o ?kdf x'g' kg]{ .
ca}w sf/f]jf/ ug]{ jf cz'4 ;DklQ cfh{g
ug]{ AolQ jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;fdflhs ?kdf
alxisf/ ug'{ kg]{ .
a}+s

tyf laQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ Aoal:yt

;dfwfgsf pkfox?
=================
u7g ePsf] ;DklQ z'l4s/0f cg';Gwfg
laefunfO zlQmzfnL / k|efjsf/L
agfpg' kg]{ .
u|fxs klxrfg tyf lgoGq0f
k4ltnfO{ Aoal:yt ug'{ kg]{ .
n]vfkl/If0f AoazfoLx?sf]
lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] x}l;otn] ICAN
n] cfkm\gf ;b:ox?nfO{ o; af/]df
tflnd, uf]li7sf] cfof]hgf u/L Ifdtf
clea[l4df ;xof]u ug'[{ kg]{ .
sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ICAN / ;DklQ z'l4s/0f cg';Gwfg

;dfwfgsf pkfox?
=================
;DklQ z'l4s/0f cg';Gwfg laefusf tkm{af6
cfd hgtfsf lar Aofks dfqfdf ;DklQ z'l4s/0fsf
;DaGwdf k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug'{
kg]{ .
n]vfkl/If0f Aoj;foLx?sf k]zfut ;+:yfx? lar
;dGjo sfod u/L lt ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]uaf6
;DklQ z'l4s/0f P]g cGt{ut x'g] ck/fwx?sf]
lgoGq0f ;DalGw Aofks k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L
ck/fwlnfO{ lg?T;fxL agfpg]

wGojfb