Submitted To

GOVT. COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, JAMMU

Submitted By:- AMRITA BHARTI

Class:- M.Ed Ist-Sem
Roll no. :- 24

Topic

Incidental and snowball

sampling

INTRODUCTION
Incidental and Snowball sampling are
the types of Non-Probability Sampling.

Non-Probability
RepresentsSampling
a group of sampling techniques

that help researcher to select units from a

population that they are interested in studying.
Involves non-random methods in the selection of
elements in which not all have equal chances of being
selected.

Non-Probability
Sampling
The sample is not a proportion of the
population.
The selection depends upon the
situation.
No assurance is given that each item
has a chance of being included as a
sample.

Types Of Non-Probability
sampling
INCIDENTAL
SAMPLING

SNOWBALL SAMPLING
Referral sampling.

Accidental
Sampling
Convenience
Sampling

Cold calling sampling

Chain referral sampling

Incidental/Convenience/Accident
al sampling
Researcher picks up elements from the
population , he/she wishes to study in his
own way.
Samples most available are chosen.
Samples are familiar to the researcher.
Examples:- friends , Co-workers etc.

 INCIDENTAL SAMPLING is
mainly used by media reporter
like the radio, television,
newspaper who are moving
about from place to place for
information.
The reporter of these media
simply ask the people on the
streets, in the shopping
centers in working places to
express their views on certain
issues or about the information
to be revealed in their media.

Merits of Incidental
Sampling

Easy method of sampling.

Frequently used in behavioral
sciences.
Economical with regard to time,
money and energy.
Delivers accurate results when
population is homogeneous.
Convenient and easy to use.

Demerits of Incidental Sampling

Not a representative population.
Not free from error.
Parametric statistics cannot be
used.
More biased as it more subjective
and based upon the researchers
interest and convenient.
No chance for probability sampling.
Results of the study cannot be used
in generalizations pertaining to the

Snowball Sampling
Snowball sampling is where
researcher participants recruit other
participants for a test or study.
It is used where potential participants
are hard to find.
Its called Snowball Sampling
because once we have the ball rolling,
it picks up more snow along the way
and becomes larger and larger.

Snowball Sampling Consists of Two Steps

Try to Identify One or more units in the desired

WHY IS SNOWBALL SAMPLING USED?

Some people may not
want to be found.
Example:If a study was investigating cheating on
exams,
Shoplifting, drug use or any other
unacceptable
societal behavior, potential participants
would be wary of coming forward
because of possible ramifications.
However, other study participants would
likely know other people in the same
situation as themselves and could
inform about the benefits of the study

Merits of Snowball Sampling

Locate hidden population
Locating people of specific
population
Low cost
Helpful in studying small social
organizations

Demerits of Snowball
Sampling
When the number exceeds certain limit, it is
very difficult to apply this method.
Heavily reliant on the skill of the individual.
Does not allow the researcher to use
probability statistical methods.
Elements included as a part of a sample are
not randomly drawn.

CONCLUSION
The sampling methods, we have discussed
here may appear to be having similar
characteristics . But each one is different
from the other in some respects .
Incidental sampling- use who is available.
Snowball samplingget sampled people
to nominate others.

Thank
you