HEATING VENTILATION AND

AIR CONDTIONING

Ar. Anuj Seth

 CONTENT

Introduction to HVAC
History of HVAC
Need of HVAC
Heating
Ventilation
Air conditioning process
Types of installation
Recent Development in HVAC
Advantages & Disadvantages
Applications of HVAC
Conclusion
 WHAT IS HVAC?
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
 WHAT DOES IT DO?

HVAC is a basic requirement for your indoor air

quality, what you breathe, temperature, humidity --
in your house.

So when you hear the term "HVAC" it means the

entire air system of your home.
 HISTORY OF HVAC

IN 1851 Dr John Gorrie was granted U.S. Patent for

refrigeration machine.
In 1880 refrigeration became available for industrial
purpose. Initially two major uses freezing meat for
transport and making ice.
Early 1990-new initiative to keep building cool for
comfort.
1902 cooling the New York stock exchange-one of
the first comfort cooling system.
 NEED OF HVAC SYSTEM

Improvement of the air quality

Moisture regulation

Depression

Maintenance of the constant temperature throughout

the year

Energy conservation
 HVAC COMPONENTS

Furnace
Heat exchanger
Ducts
Vents
Air Conditioning Unit
Evaporator Coils
Condensing Unit
 FURNACE

As part of the HVAC, the furnace

heats the air that circulates in the
home.

The quality of air in the home can

be influenced by how often you
change the air filter on your unit.

Usually the Air Conditioner is

outside, and the furnace is inside
the house.

The HVAC uses the same venting

system for both.
 WHAT ARE BTUS AND EERS
BTU or British Thermal Units, are the amount of heat
required to raise the temp. of one pound of water, 1
degree Fahrenheit. 1 ton= 12,000BTU.

EER is Energy Efficiency Rating and tells you the

BTU rating over the wattage. The higher the EER, the
better the energy efficiency, but it will probably cost
more.
 HEATING

CONVECTION-Collective movement of groups

of molecules within fluids , through diffusion

CONDUCTION -Transfer of internal energy by

microscopic diffusion and collisions of particles within a body
due to a temperature gradient.

RADIATION- Electromagnetic waves (EMR) travel through

a vacuum or through matter-containing media.
 GENERATION OF HEAT
Heaters exist for various types of fuel, including solid
fuels, liquids, and gases.

Another type of heat source is electricity, typically

heating ribbons made of high resistance wire.

This principle is also used for baseboard heaters and

portable heaters.

Electrical heaters are often used as backup or

supplemental heat for heat pump systems.
 DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT

WATER/STEAM -
Piping is used to transport the heat to the rooms.
Modern hot water boiler heating systems have a
circulator, which is a pump, to move hot water through
the distribution system .

AIR-
Warm air systems distribute heated air through duct
work systems of supply and return air through metal or
fiberglass ducts.
Many systems use the same ducts to distribute air
cooled by an evaporator coil for air conditioning.
 VENTILATION
MECHANICAL OR FORCED-
Provided by an air handler and used to control indoor air
quality.
Excess humidity, odours, and contaminants can often be
controlled via dilution or replacement with outside air.
Kitchens and bathrooms

NATURAL-
ventilation of a building with outside air without using fans
or other mechanical systems.
-reduces spread of diseases- tuberculosis, common cold.
 IMPROVED VENTILATION
EFFECTIVENESS
Effective mixing of ventilation air within space
Net positive pressure in the southeast; exhaust from
appropriate spaces
Provide clean outdoor air, avoid:

loading docks
exhaust vents
plumbing stacks
waste collection
stagnant water
 AIR CONDITIONING UNIT
An air conditioner is like a refrigerator without
the insulated box. It evaporates a refrigerant,
like Freon, to provide cooling.

Most Air Conditioners Have:

A compressor
An expansion valve
A hot coil (on the outside)
A chilled coil (on the inside)
Two fans
A control unit
 COMPRESSOR
Heart of the system, belt driven pump that fastened to engine.
Responsible for compressing and transferring refrigerant.

Advantages:
Very high volumetric efficiency (almost 98%)
Lesser Noise and lighter compared to rotary compressor.
 CONDENSER
Responsible for heat dissipation. The condenser is designed to
radiate heat.
Located in front of the radiator. Require good air flow when
system is in operation
Plate fin type heat exchanger with micro channels used.Very
compact and better heat transfer capability.
Hot compressed refrigerant vapour cools at constant pressure to
liquid.
 EVAPORATOR
Heat absorption component.
Used remove heat from the inside of vehicle.
Secondary benefit - dehumidification.
Unconditioned air passes through a filter before entering the
evaporator.
Plate-fin evaporator with micro channels used.
BASIC REFRIGERATION CYCLE
 HEAT PUMP (HP)
A machine or device that moves heat from one location (the
source) to another location (the mechanical work)
Can produce heating or cooling by reversing the direction of heat
flow

Can be used in:

Forced Air System
Hot Water System
Radiant Heat System
 TYPES OF INSTALLATION
Window unit and packaged terminal

Split system

Mini Split System -typically produce 9,00036,000

BTU(9,50038,000 KJ) per hour of cooling.
Central air conditioning
Portable units-easily transported inside a home or
office ,capacities of about 5,00060,000 BTU/h
(1,80018,000 W output)
 USES OF AIR CONDITIONING

Comfort application

Domestic use

Process application
 HVAC SYSTEMS

Central Forced air system

Air handling system

Hot water system

Zone control system

Radiant heat
CENTRAL FORCED AIR SYSTEM

Most common HVAC system circulates air through or

around heating and cooling devices.
A fan forces air into ducts
Supply ducts transport conditioned air into building
through diffusers or supply registers
Air is routed back to heating/cooling device through
return ducts
 AIR HANDLING UNIT(AHU)
Device used to condition and circulate
air as part of an HVAC system

Large metal box containing a blower,

heating or cooling elements, filter, and
sound attenuators.

Connects to ductwork that distributes

the conditioned air through the
building and returns it to the AHU
 AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU)
May need to supply heating, cooling, or both
A furnace generates heat
Fuel oil or natural gas
Electric heating elements

A refrigeration system absorbs heat

Air conditioner
Heat pump
 AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU)
Smaller air handlers may contain a fuel-burning heater or a
refrigeration evaporator placed directly in the air stream
Large commercial air handling units contain coils that
circulate water
Boiler provides hot water or steam
Chiller provides chilled water
AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU)

Typical AHU components:

1. Supply duct
2. Fan compartment
3. Flexible connection
4. Heating and/or cooling coil
5. Filter compartment
6. Return and fresh air duct
 HOT WATER SYSTEM
Water heated in boiler and circulated through pipes to
radiators
Requires plumbing rather than ductwork
 ZONE CONTROL SYSTEM

One heater and one thermostat per room

No ductwork

Often used in hotel rooms

 RADIANT HEAT
Supply heat directly to the floor, wall, or ceiling
Hot water pipes or electric heating element runs through
building component
Dependent on radiant heat
Heat transferred from hot surface to people and objects
RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN HVAC

Emerson Climate Technologies Launches E360

E360 provide a 360-degree view of commercial refrigeration

issues and advancements by addressing energy efficiency,
equipment reliability and safety, environmental protection, and
economic considerations.

Serves as a means of centralizing all of this information and

providing us with the tools to interact with industry experts
and ultimately improve their operations.
 RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN
HVAC
DuPont Introduces New HFO Refrigerants for
Commercial Refrigeration

Opteon XP40, Opteon XP44, and Opteon XP10.

Opteon XP40 is designed to effectively replace the refrigerant R-404A.

Opteon XP10 is a lower GWP replacement for R-134a for refrigeration

Replacements for R-22 are HFC-134a, R-410a,

R-410b
 ADVANTAGES OF HVAC

1. Conserves Energy

2. Regulates Moisture

3. Air Quality Improvement.

 DISADVANTAGES OF HVAC

Initial installation cost is high.

Primary disadvantage of ductless air

conditioners is their cost.
 APPLICATIONS OF HVAC

Free cooling during moderate temperatures (chiller

bypass).
Thermal storageisolation of storage tank

Water source heat pump pre cooler with isolation

Heating potable hot water (instantaneous heater)

Waste heat recovery from condenser water

 CONCLUSION
Proper system design accounts for building type and
size, layout, surrounding area, the nature of activities
taking place, the number of occupants, climate and
other factors, making each situation distinct.

Optimizing system operation.

Making and analysing certain key measurements is

essential for optimizing the HVAC system
performance.
 REFERENCES
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC

2. www.saminfratech .com

3.http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/consumer/buildings/commercial/
hvac.htm

4. Ventilation and Infiltration chapter, Fundamentals volume

of the ASHRAE Handbook, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, GA, 2005
THANK YOU