Professional Documents
Culture Documents
For Instructors
Thin Slicing
Adaptive unconscious
Accurate snap decisions
Can be a better thinking process
Identify underlying decision patterns
Scenario Based Training
Develop criteria for thin slicing
Physiological Factors
Low g sensitivity
Attention distraction
Reflexive action of the nervous system
Survival reflexes
Repetitive reflexes
SOME HF MODELS
Alertness
Knowledge
Defences in
Defences (active & latent
Depth failures)
Violations
Errors
ERRORS
a) Conscious
b) Automatic
Automatic Performance
Slower
Sequential
Can only actually think about one
thing at a time
Requires effort
Knowledge-Based
1. Execution Errors
Forget a preflight check
Using the wrong procedure
2. Planning Errors
Select a poor field to land
Violation
Integrating HF Into Training
Safety
The Comfort Zone Principle
The comfort zone model illustrates how challenging
situations can have both positive (expanding) and
negative (reducing) effects upon a participants
personal view of their own experience
Possible relative size of a students zones (solid colours) Vs relative size of an instructors
zones (dashed lines)
Comfort zones
Limit
Table represents examples of Safety Zone Symptoms
self assessment
understanding and setting personal
limitations (minimums)
making preparations (personal routines)
use of checklists, pneumonics, etc.
Integrating HF into Instruction
Ground School
Preparatory Ground Instruction
Pre Flight Briefings
In-Flight Instruction
Post Flight Briefings
Ground School
27
Field
Post Flight Briefings
Knowledge
Formal
Informal
Information
Skills
Attitudes
Practical HF Assessment
Stress
Workload Management
Situational Awareness
Decision-making & Judgement
Some HF knowledge/practical
examples for Flights
Vision limitation/Scan techniques & illusions in flight (miopia, drift)
Decision making models/Use in flight (SOAR, WROLL, SSSLOW,
IAMSAFE, CALL)
Physiology/Disorientation (Coriolis effect, spatial disorientation, G, air
sickness)
Physiology/Effects on flight (fatigue, hypoglycemia, dehydration,
hypoxia, temperature, barotitis, barosinusitis, bends)
Communication errors/CR M
Personality factors/Effect on flight (attitude, attention to detail, self
discipline, responsibility, self evaluation, stress, fear)
Control design/Errors made in flight (spoilers, gear, instruments,
primary controls, body& seat position, radio, compass)
Checklists/Checklist error(s) made in flight
Summary
Practice what you preach - be the example
Take a deliberate approach to HF education and
incorporate it into training
Look also for opportunities to to bring HF to
students attention
Develop self awareness in students
Assess HF to provide feedback to improve
student behaviour
References
Human Factors for Aviation - Basic Handbook, Transport Canada, TP 12863E
Human Factors for Aviation - Advanced Handbook, Transport Canada, TP
12864E
Human Factors for Aviation - Instructors Guide, Transport Canada, TP 12865E
Aviation Safety Programs - A management Handbook, Jeppesen, Richard Wood
Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents, Ashgate, James Reason
A Human Error Approach to Aviation Accident Analysis, the human factors
analysis and classification system, Ashgate, Wiegmann and Shappell
OSTIV Safety Briefing - Comfort Zone, Kevin Moloney, BGA Safety
Blink by Malcolm Gladwell, Little, Brown and Company, Time Warner Book
Group, New York, NY 2005