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TYPES OF

FOREST
Tropical Evergreen Fore
Tropical Deciduous Fore
.Thorny Bushes & Shrub
4.Mangrove Forests
5.Montane Forests
Tropical Evergreen Fore
These Forests are restricted to heavy
rainfall areas of the western ghats and
the island groups of Lakshwadeep,
Andaman and Nicobar, upper parts of
Assam & Tamil Nadu coast. They are at
their best in areas having more than
200 cm of rainfall with a short dry
season. The trees reach great heights
up to 60 metres or even above. Since
the region is warm and wet throughout
the year, it has a luxuriant vegetation
of all kinds trees, shrubs and creepers
giving it a multilayered structure. There
is no definite time for trees to shed
their leaves. As such these forests
appear green all the year round.
Some of the commercially important
trees of this forest are ebony,
ANIMALS

The common animals found in these forests are elephants,


lemur, monkey, and deer. The one horned rhinoceros in the
jungles of West Bengal and Assam. Besides plenty of birds,
bats, sloths, scorpions and snails are found in these
jungles.
Tropical Deciduous Fore
These
These areare thethe most
most widespread
widespread forests
forests
of
of India.
India. TheyThey are are also
also called
called thethe
monsoon
monsoon forestsforests and
and spread
spread overover the
the
region
region receiving
receiving rainfall
rainfall between
between 200 200
cm
cm and
and 70 70 cm.
cm. Trees
Trees of
of this
this forest-type
forest-type
shed
shed their
their leaves
leaves forfor about
about six six to
to eight
eight
weeks
weeks in in dry
dry summer.
summer. On On thethe basis
basis of
of
the
the availability
availability of of water,
water, these
these forests
forests
are
are further
further divided
divided into
into moist
moist andand dry
dry
deciduous.
deciduous. The The former
former is is found
found in in areas
areas
receiving
receiving rainfall
rainfall between
between 200 200 and
and 100
100
cm.
cm. Teak
Teak is is the
the most
most dominant
dominant species
species
of
of this
this forest.
forest. Bamboos,
Bamboos, sal, sal, shisham,
shisham,
sandalwood,
sandalwood, khair, khair, kusum,
kusum, arjun, arjun,
mulberry
mulberry are are otherother commercially
commercially
important
important species.
species. TheThe drydry deciduous
deciduous
forests
forests are are found
found in in areas
areas having
having
rainfall
rainfall between
between 100 100 cm cm andand 70 70 cm.
cm.
There
There areare open
open stretches
stretches in in which
which Teak,
Teak,
ANIMALS

In these forests, the common animals found are lion, tiger,


pig, deer and elephant. A huge variety of birds, lizards,
snakes, and tortoises are also found here.
Thorny Bushes & Shrub
In regions with less than 70 cm of
rainfall, the natural vegetation
consists of thorny trees and bushes.
This type of vegetation is found in
the north-western part of the country
including semi-arid areas of Gujarat,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and
Haryana. Acacias, palms, euphorbias
and cacti are the main plant species.
Trees are scattered and have long
roots penetrating deep into the soil
in order to get moisture. The stems
are succulent to conserve water.
Leaves are mostly thick and small to
minimize evaporation. These forests
give way to thorn forests and scrubs
ANIMALS

In
In these
these forests,
forests, the
the common
common animals
animals are
are rats,
rats, mice,
mice,
rabbits,
rabbits, fox,
fox, wolf,
wolf, tiger,
tiger, lion,
lion, wild
wild ass,
ass, horses
horses and
and
camels.
camels.
Mangrove
Forests
The mangrove tidal forests are
found in the areas of coasts
influenced by tides. Mud and silt
get accumutated on such coasts.
Dense mangroves are the common
varieties with roots of the plants
submerged under water. The deltas
of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the
Krishana, the Godavari and the
Kaveri are covered by such
vegetation. In the Ganga-
Brahamaputra delta, sundari trees
are found, which provide durable
hard timber. Palm, coconut, keora,
agar, also grow in some parts of
the delta.
ANIMALS

Royal Bengal Tiger is the famous animal in these


forests. Turtles, crocodiles, gharials and snakes are
also found in these forests.
Montane Forest
In
In mountainous
mountainous areas, areas, the
the decrease
decrease in in
temperature
temperature with with increasing
increasing altitude
altitude
leads
leads to to the
the corresponding
corresponding change
change in in
natural
natural vegetation.
vegetation. As As such,
such, there
there is is aa
succession
succession of of natural
natural vegetation.
vegetation. TheThe wet
wet
temperate
temperate type type ofof forests
forests are
are found
found
between
between aa height height ofof 1000
1000 and
and 20002000
metres.
metres. Evergreen
Evergreen broad-leaf
broad-leaf trees
trees such
such
as
as oaks
oaks and and chestnuts
chestnuts predominate.
predominate.
Between
Between 1500 1500 and and 3000 3000 metres,
metres,
temperate
temperate forests
forests containing
containing coniferous
coniferous
trees
trees like
like pine,
pine, deodar,
deodar, silver
silver fir,
fir, spruce
spruce
and
and cedar,
cedar, are are found.
found. At At higher
higher
elevations,
elevations, temperate
temperate grasslands
grasslands are are
common.
common. At At high
high altitudes,
altitudes, generally
generally
more
more than
than 3,600
3,600 metres
metres above
above sea-level,
sea-level,
temperate
temperate forests
forests and
and grasslands
grasslands givegive
way
way toto the
the Alpine
Alpine vegetation.
vegetation. Silver
Silver fir,
fir,
junipers,
junipers, pines
pines and and birches
birches areare thethe
common
common treestrees ofof these
these forests.
forests. Ultimately
Ultimately
ANIMALS

The
The common
common animals
animals found
found in
in these
these forests
forests are
are Kashmir
Kashmir
stag,
stag, spotted
spotted dear,
dear, wild
wild sheep,
sheep, jack
jack rabbit,
rabbit, Tibetan
Tibetan antelope,
antelope,
yak,
yak, snow
snow leopard,
leopard, squirrels,
squirrels, Shaggy
Shaggy horn
horn wild
wild ibex,
ibex, bear
bear
and
and rare
rare red
red panda,
panda, sheep
sheep and
and goats
goats with
with thick
thick hair.
hair.
But why these
forests are
disappearing?
EFORESTATION
Can You Guess
Why?
Poor Forest Management Pollution and acid rain

Disease Deforestation Forest fires

Erosion Pests
S TAKEN TO SAVE WILD
Fourteen
Fourteen biosphere
biosphere reserves
reserves have
have been
been setset up
up in
in the
the country
country to
to
protect
protect flora
flora and
and fauna.
fauna. Four
Four out
out of
of these,
these, the
the Sunderbans
Sunderbans inin the
the
West
West Bengal,
Bengal, Nanda
Nanda Devi
Devi in
in Uttarakhand,
Uttarakhand, thethe Gulf
Gulf of
of Mannar
Mannar inin
Tamil
Tamil Nadu
Nadu and
and the
the Nilgiris
Nilgiris (Kerala,
(Kerala, Karnataka
Karnataka and
and Tamil
Tamil Nadu)
Nadu)
have
have been
been included
included in
in the
the world
world network
network ofof Biosphere
Biosphere reserves.
reserves.

Financial
Financial and
and technical
technical assistance
assistance is
is provided
provided to
to many
many Botanical
Botanical
Gardens
Gardens byby the
the government
government since
since 1992.
1992.

Project
Project Tiger,
Tiger, Project
Project Rhino,
Rhino, Project
Project Great
Great Indian
Indian Bustard
Bustard and
and many
many
other
other eco
eco developmental
developmental projects
projects have
have been
been introduced.
introduced.

89
89 National
National Parks,
Parks, 490
490 Wildlife
Wildlife sanctuaries
sanctuaries and
and Zoological
Zoological gardens
gardens
are
are set
set up
up to
to take
take
care
care of
of Natural
Natural heritage.
heritage.
THANK YOU

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