LOW COST HOUSING

Submitted by:

Aakash Dev
Civil Department
Shri Vaishnav Institute of
Technology and Science Indore

Email:
dev.aakash1794@gmail.com
 Key Features
Inexpensive to build
Save money while also maintaining building
quality
Not sacrificing the strength, performance
and life of the structure
Takes less time in building in comparison to
the conventional ones
Use of resources while not harming the
environment
Final result should be affordable for most
people
 Why do we need low cost
houses?
Growing population day by day
Affordable housing for BPL people
We need a solution that is fast
Easy to build
Fulfills the needs of conventional houses
Our country aims that in our near future
each and every individual has his/her shelter
for his family and to fulfill this need we
definitely need some immediate plans
Different building techniques are:

Recycling
Extensive planning
Modular planning
Infilling
 Recycling
Recycled materials adapted for low-
cost housing include wood and rubber
that are previously been used.

Reprocessed into materials that are

used in building walls and other parts
of a house.

Recycled glass and metal are also

used on occasion.

These recycled materials are often

less expensive than using fully natural
products.
 Extensive planning
In extensive planning, the more planning
goes into a house, the less the actual
construction will cost.
Contractors should plan out exact
dimensions and should gather facts.

Contractors should look for the best materials

at the cheapest prices so they can order
exactly what they need.

This saves money that would otherwise be

wasted on unnecessary supplies and cleanup
caused by littered materials.

Most houses are built as quickly as possible

without this detailed planning beforehand.
 Modular planning
Modular building is a type of
construction where pieces of the home
or typically whole rooms or major parts
of rooms ,are built off-site in large
factories.

This process allows the pieces to be

built efficiently and exactly according to
building standards.

At the site, the pieces are connected

to the house.

Since materials aren't assembled on-

 Infilling
Infilling is the practice of going
back through residential areas
and building in areas that had
previously been left empty.

Now its possible to build on

because of resolved
environmental concerns, space
issues or other problems that
have since been remedied.

Infilling makes better use of

existing space.
It is less expensive for
 Techniques to reduce cost from area

Reduce plinth area by using thinner wall concept.

Use locally available material in an innovative form like

soil cement blocks in place of burnt brick.

Use energy efficiency materials which consumes less

energy like concrete block in place of burnt brick.

Use environmentally friendly materials which are

substitute for conventional building components like use

R.C.C. Door and window frames in place of wooden frames.
Preplan every component of a house and rationalize the

design procedure for reducing the size of the

component in the building.
By planning each and every component of a house the

wastage of materials due to demolition of the

unplanned component of the house can be avoided.
Construction technique
adopted
Foundation

Wall

Lintel

Roof
 Foundation
The foundation cost comes to about 10 to 15% of the total
building
Suggested to adopt arch foundation in ordinary soil for
effecting reduction in construction cost up to 40%.
In the case black cotton and other soft soils it is
recommend to use under ream pile foundation which
saves about 20 to 25% in cost over the conventional
method of construction.
 wall
Making use of Rat trap bond wall &
Concrete block wall.
It is a cavity wall construction and leads
to reduction in the quantity of bricks
required for masonry work.
By adopting this method of bonding of
brick masonry compared to traditional
English or Flemish bond masonry, it is
possible to reduce in the material cost of
bricks by 25% and about 10to 15% in the
masonry cost.
By adopting rat-trap bond method one
can create aesthetically pleasing wall
surface and plastering can be avoided.
 Concrete block walling
In view of high energy consumption by burnt
brick it is suggested to use concrete block
which consumes about only 1/3 of the
energy of the burnt bricks in its
production.

By using concrete block masonry the wall

thickness can be reduced from 20 cms to 15
Cms.

Concrete block masonry saves mortar

consumption, speedy construction of wall
resulting in higher output of labour, plastering
can be avoided thereby an overall saving
of 10 to 25% can be achieved.
 Lintel
The traditional R.C.C. lintels which
are costly can be replaced by
brick arches for small spans and
save construction cost up to 30 to
40% over the traditional method
of construction.

By adopting arches of different

shapes a good architectural
pleasing appearance can be given
to the external wall surfaces of
the brick masonry.
 Roof
Normally 5" thick R.C.C. slabs is used for roofing of residential
buildings.
By adopting rationally designed construction practices like
filler slab and precast elements the construction cost of
roofing can be reduced by about 20 to 25%.
Filler slabs
They are normal RCC slabs where bottom half (tension)
concrete portions are replaced by filler materials such as
bricks, tiles, cellular concrete blocks, etc
These filler materials are so placed as not to compromise
structural strength, result in replacing unwanted and
nonfunctional tension concrete, thus resulting in economy.
These are safe, sound and provide aesthetically pleasing
pattern ceilings and also need no plaster.
 Laurie Baker(1917-2007)
Laurie baker Was an award-
winning British-born Indian
architect.
Renowned for his
initiatives in cost-effective
energy-efficient
architecture.
Made many concepts
related to low cost housing.
Techniques used by Laurie
Baker
 The Hamlet Laurie bakers
home
This is Bakers home in Trivandrum built on a plot of land
along the slope of a rocky hill, with limited access to water.

Bakers genius has created a wonderful home for his family.

Material used from unconventional sources.

Electricity wiring is not concealed.

According to Baker, fans and lamps can be avoided as in India

there is sunlight all round the year, which also means that if
water is stored in the southern part of thehouse, hot water
can be made available.
 Made Use of BRICK
JALLIS. Built In Furniture
Effective way to
minimize your
For The Hamlet
electricity bills
 Recycled Wood from
traditional demolished
building.
 All materials are used in their natural
form, exposed brick work, mortar,
concrete shows the truthfulness
ofmaterials.

Bakers loves to material in their natural

form.
Quality of spaces
Major plans progressing at present in India
 Affordable Housing

Affordable housing
Demand for housing in India is literally going through
the roof. To cater to the increasing demand, Tata
BlueScope Steel supplies affordable housing solution -
a Complete Solution to the customer right from
Conceptualization-Design-Manufacturing- Supply.
Thus, using light guage structure (LGS) along with
world class ZINCALUME steel and COLORBOND
steel, Tata BlueScope Steel provides all benefits of a
 More about the solution
Benefits of ZINCALUME steel- durability, design
flexibility, termite resistance, corrosion resistance,
high strength, dimensional stability, light-weight
structure, etc.
Being steel, it is earthquake resistant, fire resistant and
thermally efficient; also has energy efficiency and
environmental friendly credentials.
The insulation laid against the underside of roof sheeting
dampens the rain induced vibration at point of impact and a
substantial noise reduction is achieved.
In addition to noise reduction, the insulation also
significantly adds to the thermal insulation properties of the
roof system.
The Steel Building is easy to build. What more, it helps
reduce cost by reducing foundation cost due to lighter
superstructure, reduced cranage cost, less labour
 Benefit to society
To counter the various problems, optimum residential
buildings have to be built in huge numbers, not only
to prevent the expansion of slums and chawls, but
also for its eradication.
This solution provides steel houses that can be
erected in a very short span of time and which have
all features equivalent to or better than conventional
houses.
These LGS houses have been tested and are in use in
various countries such as the USA, China, Malaysia,
Vietnam, Indonesia, etc. to name a few.
NGOs, Government Agencies, Corporates and
Individuals involved in Rehabilitation/ Relief works can
make use of ouraffordable housing solutions.
 IIT Madras-The 6.5 lakh
home
The researchers from the civil engineering department
of IIT Madras have developed a method for low cost
housing.

This is to build rapid, cost-effective mass housing

using glass fiber reinforced gypsum (GFRG) panels.
Gypsum is a waste by product of the fertilizer industry
& an environmental hazard too.

This method of construction is not only less

expensive(cost 2/3rd), but also less time consuming as
the 'GFRG demo building' was constructed by the IIT
team in just a month and is even ecofriendly.
 How its made ?
These panels, originally developed by RBS Australia, were
intended as wall panels ('Rapidwall') suitable for rapid
erection of walls in buildings to carry gravity loads.

The panels are made of calcined gypsum plaster,

combined with special additives and glass fibres, to
produce GFRG panels - 12m long, 3m high and 124mm
thick (with hollow cavities).

The IITM research group extended the application of this

product for the entire building system - including floors,
roofs, and staircases, thus significantly reducing the
consumption of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC).

The team also collaborated in the indigenous

development of an excellent water-proofing material,
 The panels are prefabricated and cut to desired
sizes based on room dimensions with openings
for doors and windows, thus making rapid
construction possible.
Filling the cavities with concrete increases the
vertical load-carrying capacity almost tenfold,
and inserting vertical steel bars in these cavities,
contributes to their earthquake resistance.
Advantages over conventional buildings:

High speed of construction

Less built-up area for the same carpet area.
Less embodied energy and carbon footprint:
significant reduction in use of cement, sand,
steel and water; recycling of industrial waste
gypsum.
Lower cost of structure: savings in materials;
no plastering.
Lower building weight (panels weigh only 43
kg/m2), contributing to savings in foundation
and reduction in design for earthquake forces,
particularly in multi-storeyed construction.
Buildings up to 8-10 storeys can be designed
using this load-bearing system, without the
 Starting from
the foundation

Provide
support for
vertical
walls
 Construction
of second
storey

Settling the
roof
 Fine finish and
furnishing

Smooth
walls
Dream House
Conclusion
There is a strict need at present in India for
building cheap and affordable houses
It is the key to nations development ,to provide
proper shelter to its citizens
The growing population in urban areas have
led to a strict shortage in land, congested
traffic and housing shortfall
This has also led to the hike in prices which
makes it impossible for common people to
have their own houses
Thus there is a immediate need for
construction of cheap houses in large scale
Bibliography
Google search
Wiki
Times of India
NDTV
Tata BlueScope steel
Slide share
Thank You.