UTC1702A GROUP PROJECT Aaron Lim

Neo Yuan Khai

SINGAPORES WATER SYSTEM Christel Yeo
OVERVIEW: SINGAPORES
DEMAND FOR WATER
Singapores demand for water = 430 million gallons
per day
55%
Sources: Importing from Johor
45% IMPORTED + Local Processing
PROCESSED
GOAL BY 2030

80%
Mad
e in
SG
TAP #1: IMPORTED WATER
(45%)
The supply of water comes from Linggiu Reservoir (PUB-
Operated)
Affected by weather conditions dry weather could affect it
significantly
Reliability is a
Affected by Malaysian governments bargaining power
Concern e.g 2003
Negotiations
TAP #2: DESALINATED
WATER (25%)
Two desalination plants in Singapore
SingSpring Desalination Plant
Tuaspring Desalination Plant
From Seawater to Fresh Water
Treated with reverse osmosis and
demineralization
Blended with treated water in the
reservoirs and supplied to users
Singapore plans to build 3 more
desalination plants
Goal: 30% contribution to local
demand
TAP #3: NEWATER (30%)
High-grade reclaimed water
produced from treated used water
Treated with microfiltration, reverse
osmosis and UV disinfection
Four operational NEWater factories
which meets 30% of Singapores
present demand
Industrial Usage Wafer Fabrication
Plants (Cooling)
Indirect Potable Usage Households
For home use, NEWater is released into
reservoirs and treated again with other raw
water sources before it is piped to houses
UNDERGROUND USED
WATER COLLECTION
Used water from buildings is piped underground to a
water reclamation plant where it is filtered and
treated
Separate from the rainwater canal networks
FUTURE: DEEP TUNNEL
SEWERAGE
Sewage/used
SYSTEM (DTSS)
water flows
through deep
sewer tunnels
Channelled into
water reclamation
plants for
treatment DTSS Phase 1 2000
to 2008
Treated water will DTSS Phase 2 2014
to 2024
then be
transported to the
TAP #4: WATER FROM LOCAL
CATCHMENTS (10%)
2/3 of Singapores land surface has been converted into
water catchment areas e.g Lower/Upper Seletar
Reservoir, MacRitchie Reservoir
Raw water from rainfall is collected in our 17 reservoirs
and treated
EFFECT OF PRICE OF WATER
ON USAGE
Demand and Supply If the
demand goes up, so will the
price
Water is PRICE INELASTIC
Increasing the price of water will
not affect the demand of water
significantly
More so for industrial purposes as
compared to households
Singapore employs block
pricing
Encourages users to cut down on
unnecessary water use and prevents
 CONCLUSION OF
SINGAPORES WATER
SYSTEMS
Commendable: Singapore has planned its water supply
very thoroughly
Aims to increase reliance on its own infrastructure, while reducing
dependence on importing water from Malaysia
The Swiss
For a country
Alps with few natural resources,Our
it has done well!
Alps