9

9
1
2
3 CB
4 CB
5 CB
6 CB
7
8
9
1

( )
(
)

3
4 4
8
1

5
5

1

1 ( )
2 (CB)

CB ( )

CB

CB
CB
CB
1
2
CB
CB CB CB

CB

( )

1/10




1/10

( )

( )

Euler-Bernoulli
Kirchhoff-Love
Timoshenko
Mindlin-Reissner

P C
P C

v PC r
2
Timoshenko
z
.
ez ez v PC r
r ye y

e z e y e x
v PC r ye x

x t

v M ( x, t ) v xM e x v yM e y

v v M r v xM y e x v yM e y

v x x, y, t v xM x, t y x, t , v y x, y, t v yM x, t
2
Timoshenko

Dij sym(vi , j )

v x x, y, t v xM x, t y x, t , v y x, y, t v yM x, t

Dxx v xM, x y , x , D yy 0, Dxy

2

1 M
vx, y

viM
C0

2
Euler-Bernoulli

Dxy
1 M
2

vx, y 0
v xM, y

v x x, y, t v xM x, t yv yM, x x, t

D xx v xM, x yv yM, xx , D yy 0, D xy 0

1
2
C1
2
Euler-Bernoulli

E-B C1 C1
( Tim
) E-B C1

E-B C1 E-B Kirchhoff-Love

C1
C1
Timoshenko ( ) E-B

Kirchhoff-Love 3
Mindlin-Reissner 5
6
 2

Timoshenko
Mindlin Timoshenko

3 CB

CB CB
1 (offset)
2
3

a b

3 CB

CB

-
3 CB
CB

3 CB

3 CB

1

2 yy
0
3

Mindlin-Reissner

M-R
CB Timoshenko

CB
Timoshenko

 3 CB

1

2 yy 0
3

y

yy 0
D yy

D yy

yy
0
D yy

3 CB

x(t), y(t)

I (t ) x

nN nN 2 nN
x , t x t N , x t N , x t N ,
I I I I I* I*
*
I 1 I 1 I 1

M-R

nN nN 2 nN
v , t v t N , v t N , v t N ,
I I I I I* I*
*
I 1 I 1 I 1
3 CB

M-R
1 0 1
xI t xI t hI p I t , x I t x I t hI0 p I t
2 2
pI h0 ( )

CB

hI0 X I X I

p I t 0 x I t x I t e x cos I e y sin I
1
hI

3 CB

1 0 1
v I t v I t hI I t p I t , v I t v I t hI0 I t p I t
2 2

d I t d mast
I u xIM u yIM I ,
T
d I t d mast
I
v xIM v yIM I
T

slave
vI

v

v xI v yI v xI v yI
T
TI d mast
I
I

slave mast

 3 CB

1 0 yI yI T1 0 0
0 1 xI xI 0 T
2 0
TI T
1 0 yI yI

0 1 xI xI 0 0 Tn

mast f xI
f xI slave 1 0 1 0
T
fI f yI
f Imast f yI TI 0 1 0 1
f
I f xI
m
yI y xI xI yI yI x I x I
I I f yI

I d I f I
T
 3 CB

CB


x, x, e x y , e y y , e x x, e y
ex , ey
x, 1
x, y , 2
2 2
1
x, y , 2
2 2


x, x I * N I * , , , y, y I * N I * , ,
I* I*
 3 CB

e x e x e x e y
D R Tlam DR lam
R lam
e
y xe e y e y

yy 0

D yy Dt 0

xx xx 1 0 D xx

D
D
xy
D

xy
E
0
1
1 0 2 D xy
Dt Dt Dt 1 2 2
yy 0 0 1 D yy

D xx D xy E
Dyy Dxx ED xx , D xy
Dt Dt 1
 3 CB

D xx D xy E
Dyy Dxx ED xx , D xy
Dt Dt 1

(
)
lam
xx C11 C13 C12 D xx
D
xy C 31 C 33 C 32 2 D xy
Dt
0
C 21 C 23 C 22 D yy
lam
C
Dyy
 3 CB

CB
(4-5-33)
( 7 )

2 0

3 CB

1 3
2 - 5

- Gauss

 3 CB


4 2
0

int h nQ

f xI * f yI * 0 N I * , x N I * , y
h Q 1
xx

xy
yy wQ aJ


xy ( 0 ,Q )

CB

M T MT
T

int ext
M 11 0 0 v xI f xI f xI
0
M 22 0 v yI f yI f yI
0 0 M 33 m m
I I I I
4 CB
9.1 2
CB 4 2
CB ( )

 9.1 2
4
x x I * t N I * , x1* N 1* x 2* N 2* x 3* N 3* x 4* N 4*

N I * ,
1
4
1 I * 1 I * I *

x x I * N I * 14 x1* 1 1 14 x 2* 1 1
14 x 3* 1 1 14 x 4* 1 1
14 x1* x 4* 1 14 x 4* x1* 1
14 x 2* x 3* 1 14 x 3* x 2* 1

1
x1 t x1* x 4* 1 x1 x1 x 2 t 1 x 2* x 3* 1 x 2 x 2
2 2 2 2
x *x * x *x *
x 4*x1* h10 , x 3*x 2* h20 , p1 4 0 1 , p 2 3 0 2
h1 h2
4
1 1 h10 h20
x x1 t 1 x 2 t 1 p1 t 1 p 2 t 1
2 2 4 4
 4 CB

f xI
1 0 yI yI
f xI 0
f 1 x I x I
TI

yI
f yI T1
T
1
f xI
0 yI yI
mI f
0 1 x I x I

yI
4 CB

f xI f xI f xI f yI f yI f yI
m I ( y I y I ) f xI ( x I x I ) f yI ( y I y I ) f xI ( x I x I ) f yI

1.
2.
Green PK2 Green

4 CB

p xI0 cos I0 , p 0yI sin I0 p xI cos I , p yI sin I ,

h0 0 h0 0 h h
X 1 X 1 p x1 , Y1 Y1 p y1 x1 x1 p x1 , y1 y1 p y1
2 2 2 2
h h h h
X 1 X 1 0 p x01 , Y1 Y1 0 p 0y1 x1 x1 p x1 , y1 y1 p y1
2 2 2 2
h h h h
X 2 X 2 0 p x02 , Y2 Y2 0 p 0y 2 x 2 x 2 p x 2 , y 2 y 2 p y 2
2 2 2 2
h h h h
X 2 X 2 0 p x02 , Y2 Y2 0 p 0y 2 x 2 x 2 p x 2 , y 2 y 2 p y 2
2 2 2 2

u u I * N I *

PK2 Green
 4 CB

x y
v v M y e x

1 1 1 1
v x v xM1 (1 ) v xM2 (1 ) y 1 (1 ) 2 (1 )
2 2 2 2
1
v y v yM1 (1 ) v yM2 (1 )
2

1, 1

v x 1 M y
D xx (v x 2 v xM1 ) ( 2 1 )
x
v y v x 1 M 1 1
2 D xy (v y 2 v yM1 ) 1 (1 ) 2 (1 )
x y 2 2

D yy

4 CB

9.1 2
x
ij Dij

1 1 1
2 xy (u xM2 u xM1 ) 1 (1 ) 2 (1 ) 1,1
2 2
u x1 u x 2 0, 1 2

2 xy

xy 2G xy

0 ( )
 4 CB
M2 EI
2 l
Wbend dx , 2
x dx
l 2 EI

3
E 3 3 2
Eh 2 Eh Eh
Wbend y 2
, 2
d , dx ( ) 2

2
x x 2 1
24 0 24 6

E Eh Eh 2
Wshear xy

(1 v) 0
( u y , x ) dx
2 2
d
(1 v) 3(1 v)
Wshear Wbend ( ) 2
h h

 4 CB

2 3
l 3
2x , 1 1

1
2 xy u y , x [(2 1)u y1 4u y 2 (2 1)u y 3 ]

1 1
( 2 ) 1 (1 2 ) 2 ( 2 ) 3
2 2
4 CB

1 3 , 2 0, u y1 u y 3 0 u y 2 4

u y , u y , x
3 6 2

2
2 xy (1 3 2 )

1
3
( )

5 CB

( )

1/10

1/10

5 CB

1
2

5 CB

(a)

(b)

5 CB

Kirchhoff-Love
Mindlin-Reissner

Kirchhoff-Love
Mindlin-Reissner

Mindlin-Reissner

h
1
2R
 5 CB

CB
1 M-R
2
3
1 Mindlin

CB

 5 CB



1. Cartesian x, y, z
e i

2. x , y , z

e
i
3.

e I (t )

h ( , , t )

h ( , , t )


h h h

5 CB

3

1

2

 5 CB

d I [v xI v yI v zI xI yI zI ]T
f I [ f xI f yI f zI m xI m yI m zI ]T

n N n 2n N N

x(, t ) (, t ) X I (t ) N I ( ) x I (t ) N I ( ) x I (t ) N I ( )


I 1 I 1 I 1

v M
I
v ,v ,v M
xI
M
yI
M T
zI
I xI , yI , zI T

v I v MI hI I p I h I p I , v I v MI hI I p I h I p I

p I t
1
x t x I t e x cos I e y sin I
hI0 I
 5 CB

d I [v xI v yI v zI xI yI zI ]T
f I [ f xI f yI f zI m xI m yI m zI ]T

n N n 2n N N

x(, t ) (, t ) X I (t ) N I ( ) x I (t ) N I ( ) x I (t ) N I ( )


I 1 I 1 I 1

v M
I
v ,v ,v M
xI
M
yI
M T
zI
I xI , yI , zI T

v I v MI hI I p I h I p I , v I v MI hI I p I h I p I

p I t
1
0
x I t x I t e x cos I e y sin I
hI
 5 CB

v I
TI d I ( I)
v I
v I [v xI , v yI , v zI ]T , v I [v xI , v yI , v zI ]T

I
TI
I
0 pz py 0 zI zI yI yI

hI p z 0 px zI zI 0 xI xI
py px 0 yI yI xI xI 0

0 pz py 0 zI zI yI yI

hI pz 0 px zI zI 0 xI xI
py px 0 y yI xI xI 0
I

 5 CB


CB

zz 0
Lagrange Voigt
1
n 1 n 1 n n
xx xx xx D xx 2

yy yy yy lam
D yy
xy C
C 2 D
xy xy t Taa ab

xy

xz xz xz C ab C bb 2 D xz
yz yz yz 2 D
yz

zz 0 0
D zz

55 51

6
~P ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ T
C aa C aa C ab C bb C ab

6 D zz
5 CB

1 1
h h D ( )d , h h D ( )d
0 0

D Dij (e i p)(e j p)

CB

5 CB

section points

section points

5
CB

9
3

5 CB

f I
fI T T
I ( I )
f I

M IJ TI M IJ TJ
T
(I J )
CB 66

M tI 0 0 0 0 0
0 M tI 0 0 0 0

M 0 0 0 M tI 0 0 0
M II tI
0 M rI 0 0 0 M xxI 0 0
0 0 0 0 M yyI 0

0 0 0 0 0 M zzI
5 CB

M tI v I f Iint f Iext ( I )
No sum on I
f xI v xI

f I f yI , v I v yI
f v
zI zI
3

M xxI xI ( M zzI M yyI ) yI zI m xIint m xIext
M yyI yI ( M xxI M zzI ) xI zI m yIint m yIext
M zzI zI ( M yyI M xxI ) xI yI m zIint m zIext

Euler

5 CB

K IJ TIT K IJ TJ ( I J )


5

zI
5

v I v xI , v yI , v zI , xI , yI T

CB 5 6
6
5

6 CB

Mindlin-Reisssner

xz yz A

5/6

6 CB

Kirchhoff-Love
( )

Kirchhoff-Love

Mindlin-Reissner

M-R
M-R
6 CB

Mindlin-Reissner CB

( )
zz 0

t m
m t
l

m
D2
p
m D p 4

m
D2
p
m D p 4

F x 0
D2 pD
m D p m
4 4


pDl

p p

t t
t (2 l )

F y
0
pD
pDl t 2l t
2
6 CB

CB

E
K
31 2
Kirchhoff-Love
(
)

J =

vi , i 0

Kirchhoff-Love

D xz D yz 0

Maguerre

xx u xM, x w,0x u y , x y , x , 2 xy u y , x

l 3
2x , 1 1

xx
M y 0 xx 0
u x , x


u xM3 u xM1 w,0x u y , x dx
0

1 3 , u z1 u z 3 0
/ 2
u y 2 ( x)dx
0 4
7

/ 2
u y 2 ( x)dx
0 4
d M M
d dx C dx
dx EI EI
2 2
Cx D x 1 x
l l
x 0 1 D
l l 2
x 1 0 C C
2 2 l
l
/ 2 2 2x 2 2 l
uy2 1 x dx x
0
l l 2 0
4
7

1 3 0 , 2 0
0 0 0

0
u x1 u x 3 , u x2 0
6
xx
0
1
xx 0 ( 2 )
3
1 3 ,

2
3 CB 2 xy (1 3
2
)
l

1 3

Gauss Barlow
7

Hu-Washizu

Hybrid
D xy 1 , xy 1

D xy D xy (0)
Dxy

22 Gauss

Zienkiewicz Taylor
Gauss
Barlow

8
4

Hughes (1978)
4
w

2 xy

0

8
4

Dxz 1

y

Dxz 1 2 y

D yz
1 2 x

Dz ( , , , t ) 1 2 ,
Dz ( , , , t ) 1 2

i i
 8

x-y ( )
3
1 2 ( ) 4 12
u z , wx , wy
3 9
8 Q4 8 3
5 2 4
5+4=9


h,

x1 x3 x

D x 2 y 3 h, y
h, h,
x2 y1 x3 y y3 x

x1 0 0 x 3 h, x 0

0 , y2 , 0 , 0 , y 3 h, y
0 0 h, h,
x2 y1 x3 y y3 x
4
Dz ( , , , t ) 1 2 ,

Dz ( , , , t ) 1 2

8
9

9
a
2 3
D D ( I , J , , t ) N IJ(1, 2 ) ( , )
I 1 J 1
2 3
D D ( I , J , , t ) N IJ(1, 2 ) ( , ) a Lagrange
I 1 J 1

I ( 3
1
2
,3
1
2
), J (3
1
2
, 0, 3
1
2
) N IJ( a ,b ) ( , ) N I( a ) ( ) N J( b ) ( )
8
9
Gauss

2 2

b

c
 9
4
( )
3 30

- -

9.2

9.2 4

Belytschko-Tsay(1983) BT 1.0
Hughes-Liu(1981a, b) HL *
Belytschko-Wong-Chiang(1992) BWC 1.2
Belytschko-Leviathan(1994b) BL 2.0
Englemann-Whirley(1990) YASE
MacNeal-
Wempner(Dvorkin-Bathe,1984) DB 3.5

YASE yet another shell element

 9

BT 4
4

HL CB
Belytschko Lin
Tsay BT
BWC BT
BL
Dvorkin-Bathe 9.8.4-5

BT

 9

BL

BT

YASE
BT
BT BWC BL Mindlin-Reissner

Mindlin
Mindlin

~ ( , , t ))
v( , t ) v M ( , , t ) (( , , t ) p

4
~ ) N ( , )
v ( , t ) ( v I (t ) I (t ) p I I
I 1

4
~ ) N ( , )
v ( , t ) ( v I (t ) ( I )p I I
I 1

NI 4
( I ) (9.5.42)

D
D M k


9

1 2z y
k xx ( y 24 y13 y 31 y 42 ) 2 ( x13 v x13 x 42 v 24 )
2A A
1 2z y
k yy ( x 42 x13 x13 x 24 ) 2 ( y13 v y13 y 42 v24 )
2A A
1
2kxy ( x 42 y13 x13 y 24 y 24 x13 y 31 x 24 )
2A
2z y
2 ( x13 v y13 x 42 v y 24 y13 v x13 y 42 v x 24 )
A

z
z
T
h T 1 1 1 1
1
4

h hT x b x hT y b y

zyh
9

U1


3
w x y

4 3
1
3
1

 9

U1
5

4 Hughes
3 (1 2
) 1 3

q B I I , q 3B I v zI , Q B C1QB q B , Q 3B C 2QB q 3B
1 1
C1QB r ( Eh 3 A)b T b , C 2QB rw (Gh 3 )b T b
192 12

E G A
r b rw
0.01 0.05
 9


Hughes 3
1

w x y
1 h 0 0 w
2 0 h 0 x
3 0 0 h y
4 a1 x a2 y s 0 wh

s 1 1 1 1 h 1 1 1 1

a1 14 s T y a2 14 s T y s T h 0 biT h 0 biT x j ij
9

 9


c1 T 0 0 f

K stab 0 c2 T 0 mx
0
0 c2 T m y

w x y
rwGh 3 T
c1 2
bi bi
12 A
r D T
c2 bi bi
16 A
Ci
rw


h hT x bx hT y by
9

1 7

rw=0.01~0.1 rw=0.05
9

7
BL

Green-Naghdi
Green-Naghdi
9.5.7


CB

3
30


9.10 1, 3, 4
Belytschko 4

1 T M B K

2 CB CB

3

4
5



 referance surface
offset

CAD

CAD

1/15 1/15


1.

2.


3.

4.
5.

6.


1.


2.

3.


4.

5.

6.
9
7.

8.