Mechanics of Materials

Chapter6 Deflection of Beams

 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
(Deflection of Beams)
6-1
Basic concepts and example problems)
6-2 Differential
equation of the deflection curve)
6-3
Beam deflection by integration )
6-4
( Beam deflections by superposition )
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

6-5
(Solution methods for statically
indeterminate beams)
6-6
(The measures to strengthen rigidity)
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

61
Basic concepts and example problems)
. Example problem)
(Deflection of Beams)
Beams
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

,
, .

, , ,
.

F F
2 2

F
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

basic concepts)
1 Deflection
C ( ) x
, . w .
w

A C B x

w
C'
B'
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

2 (slope)

, .

A C B x

w
C'

B

 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
3 (Deflection curve) .

(Equation of deflection curve) w f ( x)

,x ,w .
w

A C B x

w
C'

B

 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

4
Relationship between deflection and slope)

tg w ' w '( x )
w

A C B x

w
C'

B
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

5
Sign convention for deflection and slope)
, .

x , , .
w
A C B x

w
C'

B

 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

62
Differential equation of the deflection curve)

Derivation of the formula)

1 Relationship between the

curvature of beam and the bending moment)
1 M

EI
, M x .
,
1 M ( x)

( x) EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

2
(The curvature from the mathematics )

1 | w |

( x) (1 w )
2 2
3

| w | M ( x)
3

(1 w )
2 2 EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
,x w
M M
, w .
O
: w 0 M 0
x

M 0
w 0
, w 0 M 0 w
M M
, w M
x
O M 0
w 0
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

w M ( x)
3

(1 w ) 2 2 EI

2
w' 1 ,

M ( x)
w" (6.5)
EI

Differential equation
of the deflection curve)

: (1) ; (2) w 2

;
(3) tg w w ( x )
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

63
Beam deflection by integration )

Integrating the differential equation )

M ( x)
w
EI

, EI

EIw M ( x )
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

1
(The first integration gives the equation for the slope )

EIw M ( x )d x C1
2 ,
(Integrating again gives the equation for the deflection)

EIw M ( x )dxdx C1 x C 2

Evaluating the constants of integration)

1 Boundary conditions)

2 (Continue conditions)
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

,
A B
w A w B 0.

wA 0 wB 0

wA
,
A B
A .

wA 0
A 0
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

1 EI ,

F . ,

max
wmax

F
w

A B x

l
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
F
w
(1)
A B x
M ( x ) F (l x ) (1)
x
(2)
l
EIw '' M ( x ) Fl Fx (2)

2
Fx
EIw ' Flx C1 (3)
2
2 3
Flx Fx
EIw C 1x C 2 (4)
2 6
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
Fx 2
EIw Flx C1 (3)
2
2 3
EIw Flx Fx C 1x C 2 (4)
2 6
x 0, w 0
x 0, w 0

(3) (4) , C1 0 C2 0

2 2 3
Fx
EIw Flx EIw Flx Fx
2 2 6
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

y F

A B x

wmax
max
l

max wmax
Fl 2 Fl 2 Fl 2
max | x l
EI 2 EI 2 EI
Pl 3
wmax w | x l
3 EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

2 EI ,
q

. ,
max wmax

A B

l
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
q
:
A B

ql
RA RB x
2 l
RA RB

ql q 2 ql 2 q 3
M ( x) x x EIw x x C
2 2 4 6

ql q 2 ql 3 q 4
EIw x x EIw x x Cx D
2 2 12 24
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
q wmax

x l , w 0 A B
A B
x
l
RA RB
q qx
(6lx 2 4 x 3 l 3 ) w (2lx 2 x 3 l 3 )
24 EI 24 EI

x=0 x=l
ql 3
max A B
24 EI
5ql 4
wmax w l
x
2
384 EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

3 EI , D

F . ,

. F

D B
A

a b

l
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
x
:
F
b RA RB
RA F 1 D 2
l A
B

a
RB F a b
l x
l

b
M 1 RA x F x (0 x a )
l

b
M2 F x F ( x a) (a x l )
l
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

1 ( 0 x a)

b
EIw 1 M 1 F x
l
b x2
EIw1 F C1
l 2
b x3
EIw1 F C1 x D1
l 6
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

2 (axl )

b
EIw 2 M 2 F x F ( x a )
l
2
b x F ( x a)
2
EIw 2' F C 2
l 2 2

b x 3 F ( x a )3
EIw 2 F C 2 x D 2
l 6 6
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

D
F
x=a w1 w2 RA RB
1 D 2
A B
w1 w2
a b

x = 0 w1 0 l

x = l w2 0

:
Fb 2 2
D1 D 2 0 C1 C 2 (l b )
6l
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

1 (0 x a )
Fb 2 2

1 w1 ( 2
l b 3x )
6lEI
Fbx 2 2
w1 [l b x 2]
6lEI

2 (a x l )

Fb l 2 1 2 2
2 w 2' [ ( x a ) x ( l b )]
2
2lEI b 3
Fb l 3
w2 [ ( x a ) x
3
( 2
2
l b ) x]
6lEI b
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

x = 0 x = l

Pab( l b )
A 1 | x 0
6lEI

Pab( l a )
B 2 | x l
6lEI

a > b ,

Pab( l a )
max B
6lEI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

w' 0

, w1 0

Fb 2 2
1 w 1' (l b 3 x 2) 0
6lEI

l 2 b2 a (a 2b )
x1
3 3
a > b , x1 < a

2
Fb Pbl
w max w |x x1 ( l b ) 0.0642
2 2 3

9 3lEI EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

C
2
Fb Fbl
wC (3l 4b ) 0.0625
2 2

48 EI EI

2
Fb Fbl
w max y |x x1 ( l 2
b ) 0.0642
2 3

9 3lEI EI

: , ,
,
, .
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

. (x-a) .
(x-a) (x-a)
.
.
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

64
( Beam deflections by superposition )
(Superposition )

, ,
( , )
.
( v ),
( xy ) , .
.
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

1 (Superposition of loads)

( F1 , F2 ,
, Fn ) 1 ( F1 ) 2 ( F2 ) n (Fn )

w ( F1 , F2 ,
, Fn ) 1 ( F1 ) w
w 2 ( F2 )
wn( Fn )

2
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

F q 1 A C
B
A .
C
a a
:(1)
F (2)

A
=
B .

Fa 2 Fa 3
PA w PC
+

q 4 EI 6 EI
A B
qa 3 5qa 4
qA wqC
3 EI 24 EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
3
F q Fa 2
Fa
B PA w PC
4 EI 6 EI
A
C 3 4
qa 5qa
a a qA wqC
3 EI 24 EI
F

A
=
B
(3)

A PA qA
a2
(3 F 4qa )
+

q 12 EI
A B
5qa 4 Fa 3
w C ( )
24 EI 6 EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

4 EI .
wC A ,
B

m
q
A B
C

l
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
m q
, A
(a) B
C
w C w Cq w Cm
4 l
2
5ql
ml ( ) q
384 EI 16 EI
A B
Bq
(b)
A Aq
C
Am Aq wCq
3 l
ql ml
( )( )
24 EI 3 EI m
B Bq Bm
(c) A B Bm

ql
3
ml ( )
Am C wCm
l
24 EI 6 EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
5 , q
EI A C
B

wC
l/2
A , l

B . q/2
A B
:
C

.
q/2
A B
C
q/2
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
q/2
1 B
A
4 4 C
5(q 2)l 5ql
wC 1
384 EI 768 EI
q/2
3 3 A B
(q 2)l ql
B1 A1 C
24 EI 48 EI q/2
2
C , wC ,

AC BC
l /2
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
q/2
wC 2 0
A B
3 C
q l
( )( ) 3 q/2
ql
A 2 B2 2 2
24 EI 384 EI q/2

, A B
C
4
5ql
wC wC1 wC 2 ( )
q/2
768 EI
3 3 3
ql ql 3ql
A A1 A 2 ( )
48 EI 384 EI 128 EI
3 3 3
ql ql 7ql
B B1 B 2 ( )
48 EI 384 EI 384 EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
6 EI ,
, B B A

BC D wA wD .

2q
q

A
B D C

a
a 2a
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
2q
B
, AB B q
, BC A C
B D
.
B a
a 2a
2qa

M B qa 2

2q
2qa q
2
M B qa
2
M B qa
A
B C
B D

2qa
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
2qa
BC q

AC BC 2
M B qa C
B D

BC B, wD q

C
AC B,wD B
D

BC MB
2

q M B qa
C
. B
D
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
2qa q
(1) B wD
2
M B qa ql
3
qa
3

B C Bq
D 24 EI 3 EI
3
M Bl 2qa
BM B
3 EI 3 EI
4 4
B C 5ql 5qa
Bq D w Dq w Dq
384 EI 24 EI
2 4
M Bl qa
w DM B
2
16 EI 4 EI
M B qa : 3
w DM B qa
B Bq B M B
BM B

C
B
D 3 EI 4
qa
w D w Dq w DM B
24 EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
2q M B qa

2
2qa q
2 B
A M B qa C
A
B
w2 B B D
w1
2qa
(2) AB , A w2
wA
B , AB ,
A w1
A w A w1 w2 B a w 2
2
1V w 2
(2 q )a
8 EI
4 4 4
qa qa 7qa
wA
3 EI 4 EI 12 EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
stiffness condition)
1 mathematical formula)

wmax [ w ]
max [ ]
[ w ] [ ] .
2 (application of stiffness condition)

(1) Check the stiffness of the beam

(2) Determine the allowable load on the beam

(3) Determine the required dimensions of the beam

 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
7 ,
: d=40mm D=80mm, E=210GPa, C
[ w/L]=0.00001, B ]= 0.001 , .
L=400mm a=0.1m B
A C
D
A D B C
F2
200mm F1=1kN F2=2kN

=
=

a
B C
A D B C
F2

+
F1=1kN F2 M
+

A C
B A D B C
F2=2kN
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

L=400mm a=0.1m :(1) ,

D C .
A B
F1 L2
200mm F1=1kN F2=2kN 1 B
16 EI
F1 L2a

=
1 w1C 1 B a
D C 16 EI
2B 0
+
F1=1kN
F2a 3
2 B C w2C
3 EI
F2 ML LaF2
F2 3B
+

M 3 EI 3 EI
3
A D B C F2 La 2
w3C 3 B a
3 EI
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
L=400mm a=0.1m (2)

A D B C P1 L2 F2 La
B
200mm F1=1kN F2=2kN 16 EI 3 EI

1
A D = C
wC
2
F1 L a F2a

3
F2a L 2

16 EI 3 EI 3 EI
+
F1=1kN

B C I ( D4 d 4 )
2 64
+

F2 3.14 12
(80 40 ) 10
4 4
F2 M 64
3A D B C
188 108 m 4
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
2
F1 L F2 La 0.4 400 200
B ( )
16 EI 3 EI 210 1880 16 3
+0.423 10-4 (rad)

P1 L2a F2a 3 F2a 2 L

wC 5.19 106 m
16 EI 3 EI 3 EI

(3) : wmax w

L L
wmax 5.19 106 m w 105 m

max 0.423 104 0.001

 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

65 ( Solution methods
fors tatically indeterminate beams)
. F
Basic concepts A B

1.
s tatically indeterminate beams)
RA F RC RB
A B
C
,
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
2. ( redundant constraint )

F
3. ( redundant reaction) A B

4.
(degree of statically RA RC RB
indeterminate problem ): F
A B

C
.

n = -
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

(procedure for solving a statically

q
indeterminate)
1 B
A
,
l

q
RB.
.2 B
A

RB

wB 0

w B w Bq w BRB

w Bq w BRB 0
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
q
3
B
4 A
ql RB
w Bq
8 EI
3
R Bl q
w BRB
3 EI
4 A B w Bq

w BR
B

A B
RB
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
RA
q

B
4
ql 3 mA
RBl 0
A

8 EI 3 EI RB

q
3 B
R B ql
8 A w Bq
5

w BR
B

5 1 2
R A ql m A ql A B
8 8
RB
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

:
q
A
B
. A

mA . q
mA

B
A
A0 l

 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
8 AC , A AD AC
, , AD ,
, E,
I, A, ,
AD N.

l 2q
q

C
A B

a 2a
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
. AD AC
. N .

D
D N
N
2q
2q
q
q
A
A A C
C
BB
l N w A

A1
N
A A .

w A l
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
A N
2q
q
w A w Aq w AN
C

B
w Aq w AN l
wA
2q
q

4
7 qa C
w Aq B
12 EI w Aq
:
3 N
Na
w AN
EI w AN B C
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
FN l
AD l
: EA
4
7qa FN a 3 FN l
:
12 EI EI EA
4
7qa A
: N
12( Il Aa 3 )
N
D
2q
q
A C
l wA B

A1 N
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

9 ,
.
EI = 5 103 kN.m3 .

20kN/m
30kN
A C
B D

4m 3m 2m
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

20kN/m
B
. 30kN
A C
B D
B
4m 3m 2m
.

AB BC B MB
MB. 20kN/m
30kN
A C
B B B D
AB B BC
B . 4m 3m 2m

B B
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

: 20kN/m
30kN
C
B4
3 A
B 20 4 M B D
24 EI 3 EI
4m 3m 2m
1280 4 M B
( )
24 EI 3 EI
30 3 2(5 2) M B 5
B
6 EI 5 3 EI
20kN/m MB
42 5 M B 30kN
A C
EI 3 EI B B D
B
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
20kN/m
30kN
: A C
B D
1280 4 M B 42 5 M B
4m 3m 2m
24 EI 3 EI EI 3 EI

M B 31.80kN m
20kN/m MB
B 30kN
A C
. B B D
B
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams
20kN/m
30kN
A C
B D

RA 32.05KN 4m 3m 2m

32.05
RB 66.35KN 18.40
+ +
RC 11.6KN - -
11.64
47.95
1.603m
31.80

.
-
+ +
23.28
25.68
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

63

, .
, , .

EI

 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

EIw M ( x )

(1) EI

(2)

, .

.
 (Deflection of Beams)
Beams

A B
.
,
l

, AB q q
B
A
, AB
l

, . .