DEFORESTATION

Order of Presentation
The Problem

Consequences of Deforestation

Solutions
DEFORESTATION
 DEFINITION
Deforestation is the permanent
destruction of forests in order to
make the land available for other
uses. (livescience.com)
 DEFINITION
Deforestation: the permanent
removal of standing forests (US EPA)
 PHILIPPINES
4th among the worlds top 10 most threatened
forest hotspots
Deforestation of 157,400 hectares per year
Remaining forests gone in less than 40 years
 HISTORY
Spanish Colonization roads, bridges,
ships, etc.
Americans introduced export oriented
commercial logging
Early 1900s 21 million hectares (70%)
1940s 9 million hectares (30%)
 DAVAO CITY
1987: forest cover = 6,700 hectares
Present: forest cover 1,300 hectares due to land-use
conversions into housing projects, commercial
establishments and plantations of bananas and
pineapples for export
Prevalent in Marilog, Calinan, Sibulan, Toril, Buhangin,
Tigatto, Mandug, and Waan.
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CONSEQUENCES
 CONSEQUENCES
ECOSYSTEM IMBALANCE

CLIMATE CHANGE

FLOODING
ECOSYSTEM IMBALANCE
 ECOSYSTEM IMBALANCE

LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY

DISRUPTION OF THE WATER CYCLE

SOIL EROSION
LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY
 LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY
When forest cover is removed,
wildlife is deprived of habitat and
becomes vulnerable
70% of the plants and animals are
losing their habitats due
deforestation
DISRUPTION OF THE WATER
CYCLE
DISRUPTION OF THE WATER
CYCLE
A large part of the water that
circulates in the ecosystem in the
ecosystem of rainforests remains
inside the trees
When there are no trees, water just
runs off leaving no chance for the
ground water tables to absorb more
water ultimately leading to reduction
of water sources
 SOIL EROSION
Adequate plant cover keeps soil
temperature lower
Higher temperatures speed up the
mineralization of organic matter
soil becomes erodible and loses its
capacity to hold water to recycle
mineral nutrients
SOIL EROSION
CLIMATE CHANGE
 CLIMATE CHANGE

Through photosynthesis, trees

remove carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere
 CLIMATE CHANGE

Rising concentration of carbon

dioxide could cause excess warming
up of our planet
 CLIMATE CHANGE

81.5 billion metric tons of carbons

are added into the atmosphere
annually 3.5 billion metric tons are
contributed by human activities
FLOODING
 FLOODING
Deforestation and flooding are two
concepts that are most likely
intertwined.
FLOODING
 FLOODING
deforestation plays several roles in
the flooding equation because trees
prevent sediment runoff
 FLOODING
forests hold and use more water than
farms of grasslands
 The presence of the trees will
contribute a lot in minimizing the
flooding or even the possibility of
flooding
 Illustration
Some rainwater stays on the leaves,
and it may evaporate directly to the
air eliminating the cause of flood
without even the water touching the
soil.
Leaves reduce raindrop impact, and
gentler rain causes less erosion
 Illustration
Tree roots absorb water from the soil,
making the soil drier and able to
store more rainwater
Tree roots hold the soil in place,
reducing the movement of sediment
that can shrink river channels
downstream
Brief history of flooding in Davao City

The massive damage caused by the flash

flood
Brief history of flooding in Davao City

City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte during the flash

flood in Matina Pangi
Brief history of flooding in Davao City
Brief history of flooding in Davao City
SOLUTION
 Sec 33-36 of PD 705
Forestry Reform Code of
the Philippines
 Why
Replaceable but insufficient
Responsibility
Growing threat
Looming threat of global warming
 Sec 33
What needs to be reforested
Grass-covered tracts with at least 50%
slope
Brushlands which need to be developed
Patches of forest each with less than
250 hectares in area
Other lands as proclaimed by the
President
 Sec 34
Lease period 25 years extendible not
more than 25 years
Minimum area for Plantations
(1000ha); Farm (100ha) ; no lease to
critical watersheds
Scattered less than 100ha
 Sec 35
Priority to establish industrial forest
plantation or tree farm shall be given to
the holder of
Timber license agreements
Pasture agreements
However such priority must be exercised
within a reasonable time to be determined by
the Department Head
Otherwise the area shall be declared open to
any qualified person and consequently
segregated from the holders area
 Sec 36
Nominal filing fees
Lessee shall pay for forest charges on timber or
other products from plantation or farm
equivalent to 6% of current market value
thereof
0-5 years = no rental
6-10 years = P0.50/hectare
10 onwards = P1.00/hectare
After renewal of the lease
0-5 years = P0.50/hectare
6- onwards = P1.00/hectare
 Sec 36
For privately owned lands that are to
be used for such plantation or farm
Sale at cost of seedlings
Free technical advice and assistance on
the development and progress
 Sec 36
Tax privileges
Exemption from payment of percentage tax levied under Title
V of the National Internal Revenue Code
Not subject to Withholding tax at source upon interests pain
on borrowings incurred for the development and operation of
the industrial tree plant or tree farm.
Deduction from Investors taxable income for the year of
annual investment allowance of 33 1/3% of his actual
investment
Provided that it shall not be withdrawn for a period of at least 10
years
If it is to be withdrawn within such period; tax equivalent to DOUBLE
the amount of the total income tax rebate shall be payable in
LUMPSUM in addition to income tax due from the taxpayer for the
year the investment was withdrawn
 Presidential Decree 1153
Section 2. In furtherance of said
policy, every citizen of the Philippines
at least ten (10) years of age,
actually residing therein, unless
physically disabled to do so, shall
plant one tree every month for five
(5) consecutive years.
 Section 3 (d)
In lands of the public domain designated
by the Presidential Council for Forest
Ecosystem Management, hereafter
referred to as the Council, such as
appropriate forest lands, grazing or
pasture lands, mineral lands,
resettlement lands, civil and military
reservations.
 Section 4. The trees to be planted
shall be fruit-bearing, shade,
ornamental or forest trees, and the
same shall be taken care of for at
least two years after each planting
and replaced if the same die, are
diseased or are defective.
 Presidential Decree 953
Section 1. The following shall plant
trees:
Every person who owns land adjoining a
river or creek
Every owner of an existing subdivision
Every holder of a license agreement
 HOUSE BILL 6545
- AN ACT INSTITUTING A NATIONAL LAND USE AND MANAGEMENT
POLICY, PROVIDING THE IMPLEMENTING MECHANISMS THEREFOR, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES (The National Land Use and Management Act of
the Philippines) -The National Land Use and Management

Highlights:
Standardization of the classification of
land use
creation of the National Land Use Policy
Council (NLUPC)
institutionalization of land use and
physical planning
Maintenance and preservation of
environmental integrity and stability;
Disaster risk reduction and climate risk-
 Comprehensive Land Use Plan
(Davao City)
Highlights:

CLUP provides stricter zoning ordinance,

which prohibits reclassification of general
zones and sub-urban zones.
Declaration of conservation zones and the
establishment of buffer zones between
conflicting zones.
Addition of Water Resource Areas and the
declaration of Marine Protected Areas
 Comprehensive Land Use Plan
(Davao City)
Highlights:

No re-classification policy within five years

for all areas identified under general zone
(agriculture, conservation, water resource,
and non-tillage) and three years for sub-
urban zone (residential, industrial, and
commercial).
Zone reclassification = requires 75% of the
City Council
CONCLUSION