CAD Software and Hardware

MR.E.S.AGRAWAL
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ICG (Interactive Computer Graphics)

ICG denotes a user oriented system.

User

CRT

ICG magnifies the power of designer.

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CAD Software/Graphics software(GS)

Set of programs

Rules for development of GS:

1. Simplicity
2. Consistency
3. Completeness
4. Robustness
5. Performance
6. Economy

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Configuration
Design workstation

Graphics
Terminal

Application Application Graphics

Database Program Package

I/P Devices

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Functions of GS

Generation of Graphics element

Transformations

Display control and windowing function

Segmenting function

User input functions

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Generation of Graphics element
Graphic elements

Primitives

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Transformations
Scaling

Translation

Rotation

Reflection

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Display control and windowing function

Visualization

Windowing

Hidden line removal

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Segmenting function
Segment

Storage type CRT

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User input functions
To enter commands

User-friendly

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Hardware

Secondary
storage
Design workstation

Graphics Input
CPU
Terminal Devices

O/P Devices

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Design workstation

System Interface
Functions
Interface with CPU
Steady Graphic Image
Provide digital description of the graphic image
Translate computer commands
Communication

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Graphics Terminal (GT)

GT is an important component of CAD providing a

window through which the communication with the
computer can be realized.

Graphics terminals are classified as

1. CRT
2. Flat Screen

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Graphics Terminal (GT)

Two basic image generation Techniques.

1) Stroke Writing
Random positioning
Line drawing
Vector writing
)Uses an electron beam which operates like pencil.
)The image is constructed out of a sequence of
straight line segment.

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Stroke Writing

Smooth curves can be created.

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Raster Scan

The viewing screen is divided into a large no of

discrete phosphor elements.
Matrix of pixels constitute a raster.
256X256, 1024X1024.

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Raster Scan

Each pixel on screen can be made to glow with a

different brightness.

Color screen provide for the pixels to have different

color as well as brightness.

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 Raster Scan

The electron beam creates image by sweeping along horizontal

line.
Sweeping is from left to right.
Pixels are energized during sweep.
When sweep on one line is completed, the electron beam
moves to next line below.

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Raster Scan

After sweeping entire screen the process is repeated.

Rate of entire scan of screen is 30 to 60 scan per sec.

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Graphics Terminal

1. Direct Beam Refresh

2. Direct View storage tube (DVST)
3. Raster scan (Digital TV)

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Direct Beam Refresh

Uses stroke writing approach

Refresh

Easy to provide animation

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Direct View storage tube (DVST)

Stroke writing approach

Storage tube
Flicker free
No Trim
Low cost

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Raster scan (Digital TV)

Uses Raster Scan Approach

Frame/Refresh Buffer
High Cost

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Input Devices

1. Cursor control devices Graphical

interaction
2. Digitizers with System

3. Alphanumeric and other key board terminals

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Cursor control devices

Cursor normally takes the bright spot on CRT

1. Thumbwheel
2. Direction Key/Key board Terminal
3. Joysticks
4. Tracker Ball
5. Light Pen
6. Electronic tablet

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SGGS Institute of engineering and Technology Nanded
Plotters and O/P Devices

Pen Plotters
Hard copy Unit
Electrostatic Plotters
Computer output to micro film units

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