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Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members
c c c=0.003
Stress
fs fs fs=fy
T
cracked concrete cracked concrete
C c
fc fc fc=fc
Cconcrete = 0.85fcabw
Csteel = As fs
Asfy = 0.85fcabw + As fs
Definitions
1 shall be taken as 0.85 for concrete strengths fc up
to and including 4000 psi. For strengths above 4000
psi, 1 shall be reduced continuously at a rate of 0.05
for each 1000 psi of strength above 4000 psi, but 1
shall not be taken less than 0.65.
bw = width of web
As f y
a
0.85 f 'c bw
a
jd d
2
a
j 1
2d
Mu Mn=0.9Tjd = 0.9Asfyjd
0.75Asfyd Mu 0.85Asfyd
Reinforcement Ratio
As
Reinforcement ratio for beams
bw d
A's
' Compression reinforcement ratio
bw d
Design Equations
Note: if > b can add compression reinforcement to prevent failure due to crushing of concrete.
Depth of Beam for Preliminary Design
2.5M u
d
3
f y b
Beam Analysis
ACI 318 Approximate Moments and Shears
Compression Reinforcement
If > b must add compression reinforcement to prevent
failure due to crushing of concrete
fy
A's ( As bw d b )
f 'sb
8d '
f 'sb 87 1
3d
Crack Control
For serviceability, crack widths, in tension zones, must be limited.
30 ft 30 ft 30 ft 30 ft
24 ft
24 ft
24 ft
Reinforcing Steel