ERROR ANALYSIS MOCH.

FAKHRUL ARIFIN

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN

COMPLETING SENTENCES BY USING SUBJECT-VERB
AGREEMENT, DETERMINER AND DEGREE OF COMPARISON
MADE BY THE IX-D GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 11
BANJARMASIN ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
BACKGROUND STUDY
English grammar is a significant part in language learning of
Indonesian students as it can contribute to the accuracy of their
language skills in English.
The ninth grade students has already learnt about subject-verb
agreement in the form of simple present tense, determiner (many and
much) and degree of comparison.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
What are the types of students errors in completing the sentences
by using Subject-Verb Agreement, Determiner and Degree of
Comparison made by the students of IX D of SMPN 11
Banjarmasin?
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To identify and classify students errors in completing the
sentences by using Subject-Verb Agreement, Determiner and
Degree of Comparison made by the students of IX D of SMPN 11
Banjarmasin.
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
1. Gramatical error is error that is made by students in practical
English skill because of less knowledge of the structure.
2. Subject-verb agreement is the correspondence of a verb with its
subject in person and number.
3. Determiner is a word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with
a noun to express the reference of that noun in the context.
4. Degree of comparison is adjective or adverb which stating
comparison.
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Omission means that an item which must be present in a well-formed uttarence is
absent. (Dulay et al. 1982: 154-155)
Additions are opposite of omission. The presence of an extra item which mustnt be
present in a well formed utterance is characteristic for additions. (Dulay et al. 1982:156)
Misformation refers to the use of the wrong form of the morpheme or structure. (Dulay
et al. 1982: 157)
Misordering marked by miss-ordering for a morpheme or a group of morphemes in the
sentence or where a morpheme or a group of them in incorrectly placed. (Dulay et al.
1982: 162)
RESEARCH DESIGN
This research using descriptive research method which means that
the researcher doesnt have any control and manipulation in the
research variable.
POPULATION AND SAMPLE
The population in the IX D grade students of SMPN 11
Banjarmasin are 35 students. The samples are 20 students (which
taken random) from the population.
INSTRUMENT
Instrument of the research is a written test and it is in the form of Fill in
The Blank with 20 questions in the total of the questionnaires.
DATA COLLECTION
1. Review slightly about the material (subject-verb agreement, determiner
(many/much), and degree comparison)
2. Distribute the paper, give instruction, and ask students to do the
questionnaire. (total questionnaires are 20 and it must be done in 30
minutes)
3. Collect and analyze the error.
 DATA ANALYSIS
1. Identify the error
2. Analyze the error
3. Classify the errors into omission, addition, Misformation and misorder
 FINDING
Name Omission Addition Mis-info Mis-order Errors in Total
Faras Soraya 1 - 3 - 4
Raisa - - 3 - 3
Rahmadi Z. - - 3 - 3
Yasmak - - 3 - 3
Khomaira - - 2 - 2
Aulia S. - - 2 - 2
Gusti Ahmad - - 3 - 3
Nurul L. - - 3 - 3
Gladis Z. - - 2 - 2
Nadya F. - - 4 - 4
Sri F. - - 4 - 4
Sri Y. - - 1 - 1
M. Yoga Y. - - 1 - 1
Harlangga - - - - -
Irwan Saputra - - 1 - 1
Fahriyadi - - 2 - 2
 FINDING
Name Omission Addition Mis-info Mis-order Errors in Total
Putri Johar - - 1 1 2
M. Madani - - 3 - 3
Mega Cahaya - - 3 - 3
Iqbal - - 4 - 4
 Name Types of Error Item Sentences Correction
Number
Faras S Omission 16 Merry is tallest in the classroom. The tallest
Misformation 3 Jane and I am family. Are
17 Indonesia is more large than Malaysia. Larger
18 His book is heavyer than mine. Heavier
Raisa Misformation 3 Jane and I am family. Are
11 They have many money. Much
17 Indonesia is more large than Malaysia. Larger
Rahmadi Z. Misformation 3 Jane and I am family. Are
6 John have a cat. Has
11 They have many money. Much
Yasmak Misformation 10 Their parents has a big house. Have
11 They have many money. Much
18 His book is more heavy than mine. Heavier
Khomaira Misformation 6 John have a cat. Has
11 They have many money. Much
Aulia S. Misformation 6 John have a cat. Has
15 Mona drinks many milk. Much
 Name Types of Error Item Sentences Correction
Number
Gusti A. Misformation 6 John have a cat. Has
11 They have many money. Much
17 Indonesia is more large than Malaysia. Larger
Nurul L. Misformation 3 Jane and I am family. Are
6 John have a cat. Has
11 They have many money. Much
Gladis Z. Misformation 3 Jane and I am family. Are
11 They have many money. Much
Nadya F. Misformation 3 Jane and I am family. Are
6 John have a cat. Has
11 They have many money. Much
17 Indonesia is more large than Malaysia. Larger
Sri F. Misformation 6 John have a cat. Has
11 They have many money. Much
15 Mona drinks many milk. Much
17 Indonesia is more large than Malaysia. Larger
Sri Y. Misformation 3 Jane and I am family. Are
 Name Types of Error Item Sentences Correction
Number
M. Yoga Y. Misformation 18 His book is more heavy than mine. Heavier
Harlangga - - - -
Irwan S. Misformation 11 They have many money. Much
Fahriyadi Misformation 11 They have many money. Much
18 His book is more heavy than mine. Heavier
Putri Johar Misformation 11 They have many money. Much
Misorder 17 Indonesia is large more than Malaysia. Larger
M. Madani Misformation 11 They have many money. Much
17 Indonesia is more large than Malaysia. Larger
18 His book is more heavy than mine. Heavier
Mega C. Misformation 6 John have a cat. Has
11 They have many money. Much
17 Indonesia is more large than Malaysia. Larger
Iqbal Misformation 6 John have a cat. Has
11 They have many money. Much
19 Cindy is smartest than Henry. Smarter
20 Andys bicycle is more expensive at school. The most expensive
DISCUSSION
Total Errors found : 50 errors.
-Misformation : 48 errors 95%
-Misorder : 1 error 2,5%
- Omission : 1 error 2,5%

The highest to the lowest frequency of errors :

1. Subject-Verb Agreement 17 errors 34%
2. Degree of Comparison 17 errors 34%
3. Determiner 16 errors 32%
ERROR TREATMENT
In my opinion the suitable treatment to face the students errors is:
Metalinguistic Feedback is when the teacher gives the grammar
explanation concerning the mistake.
CONCLUSION
The dominant error happened in the form of Subject-Verb
Agreement and Degree of Comparison while the lowest error
happened in Determiner.
The dominant types of error are Misformation and the lowest types

of error are in Omission and Misorder.

SUGGESTION
1. Teacher should give more explanation of grammar rules with new or fun
methods.
2. Teacher should know students problem in teaching-learning process and
try to solve the students problem.
3. The students should be encouraged by giving more chances to write
exercise in grammar.
 APPENDIX
I. Complete the sentences with the correct To Be (is, am, are) ! II. Complete the sentences with Have or Has !
1. Andy ____ a doctor. 1. John ____ a cat.
2. We _____ at school. 2. My brother and my sister ______ two novels.
3. Jane and I _____ family. 3. We _____ an expensive car.
4. I ____ a student. 4. She ______ a beautiful hair.
5. My sister ______ a nurse. 5. Their parents _______ a big house.

III. Complete the sentences with Many or Much ! IV. Complete the sentences with the correct form of ComparativeorSuperlative!
1. They have _____ money. 1. Merry is __________ (tall) in the classroom.
2. I have _____ smartphones. 2. Indonesia is _________ (large) than Malaysia.
3. Mr. Smith has _____ children. 3. His book is ___________ (heavy) than mine.
4. She has ____ rice. 4. Cindy is _______ (smart) than Henry.
5. Mona drinks ______ milk. 5. Andys bicycle is _________ (expensive) at school.
 TABLE OF SPECIFICATION

Grade/Semester : 9/1
Standar Kompetensi :
6. Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks fungsional dan esay
pendek berbentuk descriptive, untuk berintraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar.
Kompetensi Dasar :
6.1. Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks tertulis fungsional pendek sederhana
dengan mengunakan ragam bahasa tulis secara akurat, lancar, dan berterima
untuk berintraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar..
Indicators Objective Test Items
1. Mampu mampu Completing the sentences 1. Merry is __________ (tall)
mengunakan Comparison with the correct form of in the classroom.
of adjective. Degree Comparison.

2. Mampu mampu
mengidentifikasikan
kalimat Comparison of
adjective