CELLS:

BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Understand Cell Theory

Beable to identify structures within a cell and explain

their function
CELL THEORY

All living things are made up of one or more cells.

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function

of living things.

Cells arise from pre-existing cells, not derived

from spontaneous generation.
ANIMAL CELL STRUCTURE
Cells are made
up of the
following parts:
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Cytoskeleton
CELL MEMBRANE
Separates the cell
from neighbouring cells
Separates content of
cell from external
environment
Very thin
Cant be seen under
microscope
Controlsmovement
of materials into and
CYTOPLASM

Jelly-like substance
Fills the cell
75-90% water
Framework of protein fibres
Gives cell shape and assists
in cell movement
Organelles suspended and
protected
ORGANELLES

Structures within a cell

Specialization
of organelles
each have a specific job
NUCLEUS: THE BRAIN OF THE CELL

Almost all cells have

one
Largest organelle
has its own
membrane
Nuclear membrane

Contains DNA
DNA determines the
cells activities,
differentiating the
RIBOSOMES
In the cytoplasm

Attached to the
endoplasmic
reticulum

Site
for protein
manufacture
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

Ribosomes attached to
outside
Run from cell membrane
to nuclear membrane
Channels for storing
and transporting
molecules
GOLGI APPARATUS
Often near nucleus
Series of
membranes stacked
on top of one another
Modifies and
packages proteins
ready for secretion
out of the cell
MITOCHONDRIA
Has
a double
membrane
Makes energy
available for cell
activities
Energy produced by
chemical reactions
inside mitochondria
cellular respiration
LYSOSOMES
Spherical Lysosome
Membrane

Surrounded by
membrane which
contains digestive Proteins/
Enzyme
enzymes s

Allows larger
molecules to be
broken down
CILIA & FLAGELLA
Projections

Move particles along

cell surface or move
whole cell
Cilia: small and
numerous (like
hairs)
Flagella: long and
only 1 or 2
CYTOSKELETON

Protein fibres that

give cells its shape
Consists of:
Microtubules rods
keeping organelle in
place
Microfilaments
move materials
around the cell
INCLUSIONS
Chemicalsubstances that are NOT part of the cell but
FORMED in the cytoplasm

Eg: Haemoglobin inside a RBC

Eg:Melanin particles of pigment in skin & hair cells
and the Iris