BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL

HOOR ALI KAKAR

ROLL# 67
OBJECTIVES :
Questions
Introduction
Psychosocial Development
Characteristics of stages
Stages of development
From Birth to Elementary School
ERIKSON: the father of psychosocial
development

Children love and want to be loved and they

very much prefer the joy of accomplishment to
the triumph of hateful failure. Do not mistake a
child for his symptom

ERIK-ERIKSON
 ??? QUESTIONS ???
Erikson identified eight stages of psychosocial development
with each stage presenting a conflict that must be overcome.

This theory discuss the conflict and growth associated with

each stage of development.

? How does one develop a sense of who they are; where they
belong?

? How does one person feel confident and secure while

another may feel depressed and question their life ?
 INTRODUCTION
Psychologist Erik Erikson, a major contributor to developmental
psychology, proposed a comprehensive theory of the ways that
individuals develop their identity, or in other words, a sense of
who they are and society's influence on that development.

This theory is labeled the Stages of Psychosocial

Development and is characterized as a series of psychological
stages that have a basic conflict and important events leading to
growth.

The theory was developed from his hundreds of clinical

observations in children.
ERIKSONs 8 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Best known theory of Personality and
Development.
Personality develops in a series of
predetermined stages.
In each stage of development conflicts act as
turning point in life.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Refers to psychological and emotional changes
across the life cycle that occurs in the context of
the individuals social environment.
 PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
According to Erikson- Each part of personality
has a particular time in the life span when it
must develop, if it is going to develop at all.

If it failed to developed on schedule, the rest of

the development is unfavorably altered.

The individual is then hindered from dealing

effectively with the reality.
 PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES
Stage 1- Trust vs. Mistrust
Stage 2- Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Stage 3- Initiative vs. Guilt
Stage 4- Industry vs. Inferiority
Stage 5- Identity vs. Role Confusion
Stage 6- Intimacy vs. Isolation
Stage 7- Generativity vs. Stagnation
Stage 8- Integrity vs. Despair
 CHARACTERISTICS OF ERIKSONs
STAGES
Erikson identified eight stages of psychosocial
development of an individual. Characteristics of these
stages include:

Each stage unfolds from the preceding stage in a

particular sequence,
Each stage involves an ever-widening involvement with
others, and
Each stage involves a conflict between two opposites
and the individual's efforts at each stage are to achieve a
ratio between the two.
Stage 1- TRUST vs. MISTRUST
Age Birth to 18 months
Conflict Trust vs. Mistrust
Relationship Mother
Strength Hopes
Question Ca I trust the world ?
Key Event Feeding
Stage 1- TRUST vs. MISTRUST
Children are completely dependent on others.

TRUST: Established when babies given adequate

warmth, touching, love, and physical care -
Dependable & Reliable.

MISTRUST: Caused by inadequate or

unpredictable care and by cold, indifferent and
rejecting parents Undependable, Unpredictable
& Dangerous.
 Stage 2-
AUTONOMY vs. SHAME & DOUBT
Age 18 month to 3 years
Conflict Autonomy vs. Shame
Relationship Parent
Strength Will
Question Is it ok to be me ?
Key Event Toilet Training
 Stage 2
AUTONOMY vs. SHAME & DOUBT
AUTONOMY: Doing things for themselves such
as body control & making choices.
Secure and Confident self.

SHAME: Overprotective or ridiculing parents

may cause children to doubt abilities and feel
shameful about their actions Inadequacy &
Self doubt .
 Stage 3-
INITIATIVE vs. GUILT
Age - 3 to 6 years
Conflict - Initiative
vs. Guilt
Relationship - Family
Strength - Purpose
Question - Is it okay
for me to do, move
& act ?
Key Event
Independence
 Stage 3-
INITIATIVE vs. GUILT
INITIATIVE: Parents reinforce via giving children
freedom to play, use imagination and ask
questions- Creative, Constructive.

GUILT: May occur if parents criticize, prevent play

or discourage a childs questions- Always being
wrong, Failed to explore the world.

Initiative and Guilt should be balanced in order to

have moral judgment.
 Stage 4-
INDUSTRY vs. INFERIORITY
Age- 6 years to 12 years
Conflict- Industry vs. Inferiority
Relationship- Neighbors, School
Strength- Competence
Question- Can I make it in world of people and
things ?
Key Event- School
INDUSTRY vs. INFERIRORITY
 Stage 4-
INDUSTRY vs. INFERIORITY
Childrens have to cope with new social and
academic demands.
INDUSTRY: Occurs when child is praised for
productive activities, such as painting and
building- Sense of competence.
INFERIORITY: Occurs if childs efforts are
regarded as messy or inadequate- Weak sense of
self, Incapable to take responsibility.
Upcoming..
Stage 5- Identity vs. Role Confusion
Stage 6 - Intimacy vs. Isolation
Stage 7- Generativity vs. Stagnation
Stage 8- Integrity vs. Despair.