2.

1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
 2.1

M M x
z

h
y y

1
 x y

x-y

= Ky + 0
KK 0 x

2
K w2 ( 2)
x

N b h/2
h / 2 ( x, y ) dy , (3)

M b h/2
h / 2 y ( x, y ) dy (4)
b h
 3
N=0 4 M x

E E ( Ky 0 ) (5) 3 4
N =0 0 = 0

M 2bEK 0h / 2 y 2 dy EJK (6)

1 3
J = bh
12

5
M y, (7 )
J
y


2
M Me bh s (8)
6

2 s 2 s
Ke (9)
Eh h

6

M / M e K / Ke (6' )
 s s

M > M
e h 2 h2
y
y0
y0 h / 2,
s s
Me M M s M Ms
2
EKy, y y0

s y0 y h / 2
s y0 y h / 2 .

M ( y0 ) 2b y
y ( ) s dy y0 y s dy
y0 h/2
0 y0

 Me
M ( ) (3 2 ) (0 1). (11)
2
10 y=y0 =s
K Ke /
M < 0

K ( signM ) K e / (12)

11
M
Me
1
2
3 (K e / K)
2
(13)

K ( signM ) 1 . (14)
Ke 3 2 M / Me
M / M e K / Ke ( 6' )
 M / Me
A B
1.5

M/Me=1.48
O 1 2 3 4 5 K / Ke
3

 M / Me
A B

M
2 1.5

M/Me=1.48
0 M

3 s 2
M Ms M e bh (15)
2 4 O 1 2 3 4 5 K / Ke
3

y=0 +s -s

3 K = 5K e M = 1.48 M e

M s / M e 1.5

M s / M e 16 / 3 1.7;
M s / M e 1.27;
M s / M e1.07


1 M~K

M K
=
M e K e
M
(K ) E y ( ) y. (16)
J
2
M M
K 0 1 M
(17)
Ke Me
3 2M / M e


0 * M M
K / K 1 32 ,
Me Me

3
0 *3 Ke 1 Ke
K / K 1 ,
2 K 2 K

* * 2 s
Ms > M Me K K e =
Eh
K * K e K0 = 0
3

EK y M y 1 ( M e *M *) y , 0 y *h / 2,
0 J J
* (18)
M y,
s J
h / 2 y h / 2,
* Ke
K =
M *
13 14
*

1.
2.
h M* M*
y = yh = s
2 J 2 Me
 M*
1< 1.5 M*
s
Me s Me
M *
+
0 h = s (1 - )<0 - +
2 Me

+ =
+ - -

3. s M*
s
M* Me
4

4.
M
M
s +( ) s = - s M = -2 M e
Me
,
2Me
 2.2

P
A
M ( x ) = -( L - x ) P 19
x
P 2
B L
M e bh M
Pe = = s x
L 6L
Me
M = -Me Ms
(x)
X=0
x
Pe
5

1
P > Pe 19

x =

M ( x ) = -( L - ) P = - M e

0 x < ( x )
(x )
1
2
x 3 2 (1 x / L)
P (0 x ) (20)
Pe
 1

x =
0 (0) = (3 - 2 P / Pe ) 2

(0)
=0 M (0) = - M s

3
P = Pe = Ps Ps
2

P
s

L
( L - ) Ps = M e =
3
2

1.
2.



1 P Pe
K ( x) M ( x)
(1 x )( P ),
Ke Me L Pe
2
d w (1 x )( P ) K e
dx 2 L Pe

w(0)
dw(0)
0
dx
x 2 x3 P
w( x) ( )( ) K e .
2 6 L Pe

P = Pex = L w( L) e L2 Ke.
3
1 Pe P Ps
P
0 x A
K = ( signM ) 1 (14) x
K B L
e 3 2M / M M
e
x
x L Me
Ms
(x)
M / M e K / Ke (6' )
x
P Ps 32 Pe L / 3,
1 5
2
x 3 2 P (1 x / L) (0 x ) (20)
Pe
1
( x) (3x / L) . 2
 L
0 x 3

d 2w Ke L 12
- 2 = K = - = -( ) K e
dx 3x

1
4 3
w1 ( x) ( Lx ) K e
2 (0 x L3 ). (22)
3 3
L
3 x L
2
d w 3 x
- 2 = K = (1 - ) K e
dx 2 L
x=3/L

w2 ( x) 1
4
( Lx ) 3( Lx ) ( Lx ) L K , ( L3 x L)
3 2 1
27
2
e (23)
 L
x L
3

w ( L ) 20 L2
K e 20 e .
2 s
27 9

P P

13 2
= L Ke
0
s
54
2.3

: E 1 ( ),

h/2 h/2
M 2bE

ydy y ( ) dy

(24)
0 0

h h

y

2 2
=
Ky
2bE hk / 2
M EJK
K 2 hk / 2 2 ( )d (25)

M K
 K 0 9 12
Ke / K
M

M 0 K
=
Ky 24
M 2b h / 2
K y[ Ky ( Ky )]dy (27)
EJ J 0

d
0 < E
d
d [ ( ) ]
0 <1
d
d [ ( ) ]
max = 0 < 1
d
 K2
K 1

K 2 y ( K 2 y ) - K 1 y ( K 1 y ) 0 ( K 2 - K 1 ) y
T

K TK 2b 0h / 2 y Ky ( Ky ) dy ,
J
27
K M TK ( 28)
EJ

K (0) = M
EJ

K (1)
= M + TK ( 0 ) ,
EJ
 n
K ( n ) M TK ( n 1) .
EJ

TK ( m ) - TK ( m -1) 0 K ( m ) - K ( m -1)

T
2.4

P
L L
C (a)
A
B

MB
+ (b)
- MC
MA

C (c)
A

6
 M K 7

M
Ms

Ks K

M / EJ , M M S

K MS
( signM ) K1 ( EJ ) ( K1 1), M M S
 P
P L L
C (a)
A
B
P <Pe MB
+ (b)
AB BC - MC
3 PL MA
M A = -
8 C
5PL A P < Pe (c)
MB =
16
MC = 0 6

M max A
M A =
-M S
8M S
P = Pe =
3L
 P

P >Pe L L
C (a)
A
B
1
MB
+ (b)
- MC
M A

C (c)
A

2 A
6

P MS PL M S
RC M B RC L
2 2L 2 2
3M
P = PS
= S
B M S
L
Ps


1. E

2.

6 P
L L
A
C (a)
A B B

C MB
+ (b)
M B = RC L M A = 2 RC L - PL - MC
MA

C (c)
A
MB MS, M A MS.

- 2 M S 2 RC L 2 M S 6

- M S + PL 2 RC L M S + PL
 PL 3 M S

3M S
P=
L

P
L L
C (a)
A
B

6 MB
+
A
(b)
- MC
MA
B
C (c)
A

6
 B A
=
L
B 2 = 2
L
P W = P
1

3 M S
W2 = 3 M S = L

P =
3 M S P = 3M S
L L

2.5

n n
Ri (i = 1,2, .n)
m

m M 0 (1,2, , m )
j

P 0 (1,2, , r )
M 0j = M 0j ( Ri , P0 )

Ri (i = 1,2, .n)

R m-n
i
 {M 0
j , P0 }

M 0j M S

{M 0
j , P0 }




2P
8 L L
3P
MS

3P 2P
P 2L

[ ]

n=2
R
, m=4 8 N
R N

M 4 2 RL, M 3 2 RL NL,
M 2 2 RL 2 NL 2 PL, M1 2 NL 2 PL 3P 2 L.
 R N m-n=2

M 2 2M 3 M 4 2 PL,
(29)
M 1 M 2 M 4 5 PL
pL
mj M j / Ms ( j 1,2,3,4), f ,
MS
m1 m2 m4 6 f , 2m3 m2 m4 2 f (30)

mj
1 m j 1, ( j 1,2,3,4) (31)

{m j , f }( j 1,2,3,4)
 30 31
1 m2 m 4 6 f 1, 1 m2 1,
2 m2 m4 2 f 2, 1 m4 1,

1 m4 6 f m2 1 m4 6 f , 1 m2 1,
(32)
2 m4 2 f m2 2 m4 2 f , 1 m4 1,
m2
2 6 f m4 2 6 f , 3 2 f m4 3 2 f ,
(33)
3 3
4 f m4 4 f , 1 m4 1
2 2
m4 5
6 f 3, 2 f 4, 4 f ,
2 (34)
7 9
4 f 5, 2 f , 2 f ,
2 2
 1
f (35)

2
(34)
f 1
/2

1 MS
Ps (36)
2 L

1.
m4 1, m2 1 m1 1, m3 1 2

2.
36

[ ]

1. n n+1)

m
m mn 1
C
n 1 m (m 1) (m n)
C m
(n 1)!
2. n m
m-n m-n
m-n


3. *
k , *

x k* k* (k 1,2, , n 1)
* ( 1,2, , r )

 8 2P
L L
MS
3P
3P 2P
P
2L

n 1
C m C 4
3
4
R
m n 2 8 N

9 a) b

a) b
c
d
 (b)
(a)

(d)
(c)


(b)
(a)
3 P 2 L 3 M S ,
2 P L 4 M S ,

2M S P M S / 2L
P
L
 (c) (d)

3 P 2 L 2 P L 5 M S , 3 P 2 L 2 P L 5 M S ,

P 5M S / 8L P 5M S / 4 L
 (b),
,,

MS
P
2L

M2 M S , M3 M S , M4 M S

M 2 2 M 3 M 4 2 PL,
(29)
M 1 M 2 M 4 5 PL
(a) 2M S
P
L
45
M
H5 S P
2L 4
H1 11P
4
 12 M1 12 M S
1

M1 M S , M 2 M S , M 4 M S
M 2 2 M 3 M 4 2 PL,
(29)
M 1 M 2 M 4 5 PL
MS
P
2L
MS
45 H P
5 2L
MS
H1 2 P P
2L
V5 3P

M 3 0.5 M S
 2.6

1.
Pa (a 1,2,
, r)
( 0
)

P N ( 0, 1,2,, r ) (37)
N ( 1
,2, , r )

{ k , a },

k (k 1,2,
.n 1)
xk

 M oj , Pao ( j 1,2,
, m),
o

Pao o N a (a 1,2,, r ) (38)

Pa N a ,
r n 1

N a a M S K (39)
a 1 k 1
r

N a a 0
a 1
2.
o

0
(40)

3.

M oj , Pao
* , *
k a


M k ( xk ),
Pa k , a


r n 1

a K ( xk ) k
P
a 1
Ma
0
0
(41)

r n 1

a k k k
P
a 1
M ( x *
*
a) *

k 1
(42)

r n 1 n 1

P M
a 1
a a
k 1
k ( x k ) k M s k 0
k 1
(43)

M k ( x k ) M S , M k ( x k* ) M S
0

43
a 1
N a a 0
 43 41
M S k M k0 ( x k ) k 0,
r
( o ) N a a 0 o

a 1

39 42

M S k* M k ( x k* ) k* 0,
r
( ) N a *a 0
*
*
a 1









 2.7

[ ]

[ ] MS

G f ( M S )
f G a bM s
a b
 :
W (a bM S i ) Li a Li b M S i Li (44)
i i i

M Si i

M Si

X M L
(45) Si i
i

[ ] q

{ ijq , qa }
q
ij i x
*
j

a a Si ij
P
a 1
q
M q

j
 q
r
Pa q
a M Si q
ij ( 46)
a 1 j

46
M Si
, 45 X

10

A B C
2L 2L L L
 MS1 P1 P2 3P1
B
MS2 P1 P2 = 3P1
A C

2L 2L L L

(a)
(b)
MS1 MS2 B
(c)
(d)
B (e)

10

10 a b
c d e)
a d
 P1 P2 3P1
46 B
A C

2L 2L L L
(a ) 2 P1 L 3 M S1 ,
(b) 2 P1 L 2 M S1 M S 2 , (a)
(47) (b)
(c ) 3 P1 L 3 M S 2 , (c)
(d ) 3P1 L M S1 2 M S 2 (d)
(e)

10
M S1 ms 2 X
ms1 , ms 2 , x
P1L p1L P1L2


2 3ms1 , 2 2ms1 ms 2 , 3 3ms 2 , 3 ms1 2ms 2 48

ms1 m
s2
x

x 4ms1 2ms 2 (49)
[ ]
x
49 ms 2 2ms1
2
48
2 x 1 x
ms1 , x 4, ms1 , ms1 1
3 4 2 3
m s1
x 14 x 4, x 5
3,
x 5
 x 5
2 7
ms1 , ms 2 ,
3 6
2 7
M S1 P1L, M S 2 P1L
3 6

M S
1 M
S2 47 a b
a b
e

[ ] ms 2 A
2
m s
1 m
s2 48

B
48 ABCD 1
C D

49
x O 1 2 ms1
-2
x 11

B ( 2 , 6 ) (m s1
, ms2 )
3 7
 2.8

M N
12 s s
y h / 2
0 h / 2
x

y h/2
s s s
y
(a) (b) (c) (d)

12

y
1
= Ky + 0 (1) y 0 o h (50)
k 2
1.
= E = E ( Ky + 0 ) ( 5)
1
EK ( y 0 h) (51)
2
N b h h/ 2/ 2 ( x, y )dy, (3)

M b h h/ 2/ 2 y ( x, y )dy (4)

N E O A, M WKJ (52)
 N S A S
52
N O M 2K
n , m , (53)
NS S M S 3K e
S
S = ,
K e 9
E
2.
K 0 > 0

1
y h 2 EKh(1 + 0 )
2
1
s = EKh(1 + 0 )
2
2 S Ke
K
Eh(1 0 ) 1 0
 1
0 0 hk ( s )( 0 ) s ( 0 )
2 E 1 0 1 0
53
0 2 1
n , m ( )
1 0 3 1 0
0 2n 3m 2 (54)
N 0, M
0

1
y 0 h,
2
 12 d 3 4
2 bh2
M (1 0 ) S N 0bh S
4
n 0 , m 1 02

m 1 n2 (55)

 m = 1 - n2

2n + 3 m = 2