Central nervous system (CNS) is made up of The Brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the spinal and cranial nerves. Central nervous system controls body functions, but also allows for higher functions.
Central nervous system (CNS) is made up of The Brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the spinal and cranial nerves. Central nervous system controls body functions, but also allows for higher functions.
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Central nervous system (CNS) is made up of The Brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the spinal and cranial nerves. Central nervous system controls body functions, but also allows for higher functions.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Chapter 10 The Nervous System The nervous system controls body functions, but also allows for higher functions such as thinking.
The nervous system consists
of two parts, the central and peripheral nervous systems.
•The central nervous
system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord
•The peripheral nervous
system (PNS) consists of the spinal and cranial •In the CNS:
•Receptors transmit sensory input to the CNS via sensory
neurons. •The CNS integrates all sensory input and generates appropriate responses. •Motor output leaves the CNS in motor neurons.
In the PNS:
•The peripheral consists of the somatic and the autonomic
subdivisions. •The autonomic division controls involuntary actions. •The somatic division largely controls voluntary actions. Structure and Function of the Neuron The fundamental unit of the nervous system is the neuron.
This highly specialized cell generates and transmits
bioelectric impulses. Nerve impulses result from the flow of ions across their plasma membranes.
•The electrical potential across the membrane is known as
the membrane potential or resting potential.
•When a nerve cell is stimulated, its plasma membrane
increases its permeability to sodium ions.
•Sodium ions rush in, causing depolarization down the
membrane.
•Depolarization is followed by repolarization.
•The depolarization and repolarization of the neuron’s
plasma membrane constitute a bioelectric impulse or action potential. Action Potential • Nerve impulses travel from one neuron to another across synapses. – When an impulse reaches the terminal bouton, it stimulates the release of neurotransmitters. – Neurotransmitters may excite or inhibit the postsynaptic membrane. The Spinal Cord and Nerves Nerve cells can be grouped into three functional categories:
1. Sensory neurons carry sensory impulses
2. Motor neurons carry motor impulses 3. Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons in the spinal cord. • The spinal cord transmits information to and from the brain and houses many reflexes.
• The nerves attached to the spinal cord carry motor and
sensory impulses.
– Two types of nerves emanate from the CNS: spinal and
cranial. – Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and may be sensory, motor, or mixed. – Cranial nerves attach to the brain and supply the structures of the head and several key body parts. The Reflex Arc The Brain • Unconscious functions are housed in the cerebellum, hypothalamus, and brain stem. – The cerebellum controls muscle synergy and helps maintain posture. – The hypothalamus controls many autonomic functions involved in homeostasis. – The limbic system is the site of instinctive behavior and emotion. – The brain stem controls basic body functions. Hypothalamus The limbic system is the site of instinctive behavior and emotion The Reticular Activating System Cerebrospinal fluid cushions the CNS. End of Chapter 10