SERVICES IN HIGH RISE

BUILDINGS

Arjun Middha
4A
ELEVATORS
In recent years the world has witnessed great development in
the field of industry, especially computer and software industry,
which contributed to a clear and significant progress that has
happened in all the other sectors.
And also appeared giant buildings and skyscrapers that need to
become style makes navigating between floors easy, flexible
and fast.
Here appears the role of computer and software to solve this
problem and in cooperation with the sector to another in
solving this problem, where he discovered the elevator.
In this presentation, we will find out how these ubiquitous
machines move you from floor to floor. We'll also look at the
control systems that decide where the elevator goes and the
safety systems that prevent catastrophes.
Elevator control system uses Systems that are Real-time,
Distributed, and Embedded.
real time computer system is a computer system in which
the correctness of the system behavior depends not only on
the logical results of the computations, but also on the
physical instant at which these results are produced.
embedded computer system is a system that uses a
computer as a component, but whose prime function is not
that of a computer(use software in hardware).
How Elevators Work :
The ropes that lift the car are also connected to a
counterweight , which hangs on the other side of the sheave.
The counterweight weighs about the same as the car filled to
40-percent capacity.
In other words, when the car is 40 percent full (an average
amount), the counterweight and the car are perfectly balanced.
The purpose of this balance is to conserve energy. With equal
loads on each side of the sheave, it only takes a little bit of
force to tip the balance one way or the other.
Basically, the motor only has to overcome friction -- the weight
on the other side does most of the work. To put it another way,
the balance maintains a near constant potential energy level in
the system as a whole. Using up the potential energy in the
elevator car (letting it descend to the ground) builds up the
potential energy in the weight (the weight rises to the top of
the shaft).
The same thing happens in reverse when the elevator goes up.
The system is just like a see-saw that has an equally heavy kid
on each end.
Safety Systems
The state
In actuality, there is very little chance of this happening. diagram:
Elevators are built with several redundant safety systems that G
keep them in position.
F
The first line of defense is the rope system itself. Each elevator
rope is made from several lengths of steel material wound F
around one another. With this sturdy structure, one rope can F3
1
support the weight of the elevator car and the counterweight on
its own. But elevators are built with multiple ropes (between four F
and eight, typically). In the unlikely event that one of the ropes 2
snaps, the rest will hold the elevator up
Even if all of the ropes were to break, or the sheave system were
to release them, it is unlikely that an elevator car would fall to
the bottom of the shaft. Roped elevator cars have built-in
braking systems, or safeties, that grab onto the rail when the car
moves too fast.
Elevators also have electromagnetic brakes that engage when
the car comes to a stop. The electromagnets actually keep the
brakes in the open position, instead of closing them. With this
design, the brakes will automatically clamp shut if the elevator
loses power.
Elevators also have automatic braking systems near the top and
the bottom of the elevator shaft. If the elevator car moves too
far in either direction, the brake brings it to a stop.
If all else fails, and the elevator does fall down the shaft, there is
one final safety measure that will probably save the passengers.
The bottom of the shaft has a heavy-duty shock absorber system
AIR CONDITIONING
Heating,ventilationandair conditioning(HVAC)is
the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental
comfort. Its goal is to providethermal comfortand
acceptableindoor air quality. There are different types of
air conditioning systems such as window, split, packaged,
ductless, portable, central etc.
For high rise, central chilled water system is considered
to be the best.
The roof and basement are the usual choice for these
central station systems. The basement has the
advantage of easy utility connections, noise isolation, not
being valuable rental area and the fact that structural
loads are not a problem.
The roof is the ideal location for fresh air intakes and heat
rejection to the atmosphere.
Cooling tower are noisy, produce very hot and humid
exhaust air, so the best location for cooling rower is
placed on the roof.
In most buildings, the mechanical equipment is shown
to be on the roof. This section shows an all-air system
served by a single central air handling unit on the
 To avoid the large vertical ducts, separate air handling units can
be placed on each floor and only water circulates vertically. This
saves much energy because moving air great distances requires
much power.
ALL AIR SYSTEM-The advantage of all-air system is
complete control over air quality is possible. The
disadvantage is that all-air systems are very bulky and a
significant part of the building volume must be devoted to
them.
There are 5 system in all-air system categories. SECTION OF A TYPICAL
MULTISTORY BUILDING WITH A
i. Central Plant System ROOFTOP CENTRAL STATION
MECHANICAL SYSTEM
ii. Variable Air Volume (V.A.V)
iii. Terminal Reheat System
iv. Multizone System
v. Double Duct System

Terminal reheat system. VAV System Double duct system. Induction system.
 PLUMBING
For plumbing purposes, the term multi-storey is applied to
buildings that are too tall to be supplied throughout by the normal
pressure in the public water mains.
These buildings have particular needs in the design of their
sanitary drainage and venting systems.
Water main supply pressures of 812 metres (2540 feet) can
supply a typical two-storey building, but higher buildings may need
pressure booster systems.
In hilly areas, the drinking-water supply pressures will vary
depending on the ground elevation. In these cases, the water
authority may have to specify areas where particular supply
pressures can be relied upon for the design and operation of
buildings.
Where a building of three or more storeys is proposed a
certificate should be obtained from the drinking-water supply
authority guaranteeing that the present and future public drinking-
water supply pressure will be adequate to serve the building.
If the public water pressure is inadequate, suitable means shall
be provided within the building to boost the water pressure.
Pressure boosting systems
Pressure-boosting systems can be of several different types:
pumping from a ground level or basement gravity tank
to a gravity roof tank;
pumping from a gravity storage tank or public water main
into a hydro-pneumatic pressure tank that uses captive air
pressure to provide adequate drinking-water supply pressure;
installation of booster pump sets consisting of multiple
staged pumps or variable speed pumps that draw water
directly from a gravity storage tank or the public water main. Pressure boosting system
Multistage booster pump sets typically include discharge
pressure regulating valves to maintain a constant drinking-
water supply pressure.
Drainage system
In the drainage system for a multi-storey building, the drains
from the plumbing fixtures are connected to vertical drain
stacks that convey the waste and sewage to below the lowest Drainage system
floor of the building. The fixture drain traps must be vented to
prevent their water trap seal from being siphoned by
negative pressure or blown out by positive pressure in the
drain piping. The fixture vent pipes must extend through the
roof to outdoors. They can be run individually or be
combined into one or more vents through the roof. Where
buildings are over 10 storeys high, the drainage stacks
require relief vent connections at specified intervals from the