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GREEN

ERGY
Contents

Energy Crises Biofuels production in Pakistan


Impacts of Energy production in Advantages and Disadvantages
Pakistan of biofuels
Why Green Energy Ethanol production in Pakistan
IPPS in Pakistan Case study for Biofuels
Introduction to Biofuels Bio Gas
Types of Biofuels Feasibility of biogas in Pakistan
Biofuels Plants in different Case study for biogas plant
Countries GHP
Future Demand for Biofuels Solar Energy
Worldwide production data Conclusion
References
ENERGY

Most significant need of human being


Energy prosperity can solve Fundamental social
problems
Backbone of humane activities
Index used to measure the socio-economic prosperity
Energy Crisis

21 % of the worlds population have dont access to


it
Developing countries have severe energy issues
Why Energy Crises are There
Negligence on the part of the officials concerned
Ineffective planning
National and international politics
Too much dependence on the west
Failure in using nuclear power
Lack of dams
Political constraints
IMPACT OF ENERGY PRODUCTION IN
PAKISTAN
Supply-Demand gap
About 7000 MW shortfall Of Electricity
182 Billions Tons of Coal in Thar
Only 1 % production by Coal
1000 km coastal Area(Wind Energy)
4% of GDP over the past few years
rural people use 95% of bio fuels For Domestic needs
Contd

External pressure in nuclear power generation

60,000 MW hydro Power potential

Hazard from Coal power generation

Need of proper polices and guidelines


PAKISTAN

About 27 independent IPPs

Hub Power Company (Hubco) is first private IPP

5305 MW production in 2009-12

IPPS total installed capacity is 6365 MW

13 units using furnace oil

six units utilize natural gas


There were 4 other IPPs that would use both furnace oil
and gas
Green Energy
WHY GREEN ENERGY?

Run out of fossil fuels

No harmful impact on Environment

Economic stability of country

provide Jobs Opportunities

Lessen the National Health issues

Renewable
resource
BIOFUELS

Most
produced recognized
Renewable Either Liquid
from biomass Biofuel is
fuels or Gas
resources sugar based
Ethanol

Classification of Biofuels
First-
Generatio
n biofuels

Second-
Generatio
n biofuels
First-generation Biofuels
Bio
Bio
alcohols
alcohols

Solid
Solid Biogas
biofuels Biogas
biofuels

Vegetabl
Vegetabl Biodiesel
e oil Biodiesel
e oil

Biofuel Bio
Biofuel
gasoline Bio
ethers
gasoline ethers

Green
Syngas Green
Syngas diesel
diesel
Data
Bioethanol and Biodiesel in BRAZIL

Ethanol as a replacement of gasoline


Ethanol as a replacement of gasoline

Reduced emissions of about 800 million tons of


Reduced emissions of about 800 million tons of
CO2
CO2

Bioethanol yield was 27 billion liters in 2008


Bioethanol yield was 27 billion liters in 2008

Yield will rise to 37 billion litters in 2015


Yield will rise to 37 billion litters in 2015

43 plants of Biodiesl
43 plants of Biodiesl
Data
1200

1000

800

1000 600
Barrels
2007
/day 400
2011
200

0
Production in Pakistan

Produces 2 Million Tons Molasses per year


Export of 1.45 Million tons at low cost ($35/ton)
0.123 million tons ethanol that earns around $44.35 million
through exports.
240 to 270 liters/ton of Ethanol from Molasses
500 million liters Ethanol from 2 Million Tons Molasses per
year
100 million barrels of oil per year is demand
20 million barrels of oil per year is Production
Production Trends in Pakistan

76 sugar mills
Production level of 2.89 million tons in 1991-92
Production reached 4 million tons in 2003-04
21 distilleries produce industrial alcohol
EXPORT TRENDS

Export of Molasses is 0.70 million to 1.75 million tons


Three type of buyers for Ethanol
Domestic industry buys industrial alcohol
Pakistan State Oil (PSO) buys fuel ethanol
Third and predominant outlet is exports
167,600 tons Export in 2006
Total earnings is USD 100.6 million in 2006
Biofuels
Disadvantag
Advantages
es
Less greenhouse Lower fuel economy
gas emission & power

Used in diesel not suitable for use in low


engines temperatures

Less air pollutants Currently expensive

Biodegradable
& Non-toxic

Safer to handle

reduce carbon emissions by


50-60%.
o n i
i n
n
u c
c t
t i
io n
p r
ro
o d
du
an
n o
o l
l p
E
E t
t h
h a a n
r a
a n
nd
d ki
is
s t
ta n
u g
ga
a r P
P a
a k
S
Su
cane cultivation
5th largest country in terms of area for sugar

11th by production and 60th in yield

Sugarcane is the primary raw


material for the production of
sugar
The sugar industry in Pakistan is the
2nd largest agro based industry
Total Capacity Of Mills (2010-2011)
Punjab
Total TCD (tons of cane per day) capacity =372,100
Actual crushing= 27,662,242 % utilization= 55.53

KPK
Total TCD (tons of cane per day) capacity =52,600
Actual crushing= 3,035,724 % utilization= 39.13

SINDH
Total TCD (tons of cane per day) capacity =173,200
Actual crushing= 13,215,370 % utilization= 52.95

Grand Total (2010-2011)


Total TCD (tons of cane per day) capacity=597,900
Actual crushing=43,913,336% utilization= 53.21
A Simple flowchart From Sugar
Manufacturing To Exports
Ethanol production in Pakistan
Sugar sector has the capacity to produce over 2.5
million metric ton (MMT) of molasses available for
processing into ethanol.

Our Sugar industry produces more than half a


million ton of ethanol per annum from cane
molasses

Approximately, 50% of which is exported at an


average price of about $500 /MT to Taiwan, Korea,
Japan, Dubai, Saudi Arabia
Case Study
Abdullah Distillery

Situated in Nankana, Sheikhupura

Capacity to produce 125,000 Liter/day of


Alcohol

Produce Fuel grade Alcohol (99.8 %)

Distillery is based upon sugar cane molasses,


which is a byproduct of sugar mills
G A S
BIO
Bio Gas in Pakistan

Share of Live Stock in Economy is 46%

Bio Gas Plant in the Country are more


than 6000

Temperature is almost Warm in Punjab


and Sindh Areas
Case Study

There are basically 200 houses that we are facilitating


with biogas plant in Pakistan to show feasibility of its
installation.
Houses 200
Wasting of kitchens on weekly basis 5*200=5200 kg = 52ton
Biogas produced 52*157= 8144m
Biogas of 1m producing electricity 1.7 kwh
Biogas of 1m producing heat 7.7 KJ
Electricity produced 1.7*8144
Heat energy produced 7.7*8144
Capital cost of biogas plant Rs. 425000
For 335 operating days and 24 hrs operation, capacity 1.7*8144/335/24 for 1kwh electricity production
of biogas plant =1.73 kwh

Total cost of plant Rs. 1.73*425,000


Operating cost Rs. 1.7 per kwh
Annual operating cost 1.7*8144*1.7 = Rs 23590
Electricity cost per kwh Rs. 7.23
Heat cost per GJ Rs. 960
Savings from electricity 1.7*8144*7.23= Rs. 100, 345
Savings from heat RS. 60, 480
Total savings 160, 825
Work of UET, KSK campus

Plant production of biogas is 7 cubic meter on daily basis

Raw material used for biogas production is cow dung

Digester average temperature is 30 to 35 degree centigrade


and its pressure is 90 to 120 mill bar

The proportion of cow dung and water is 1:1


GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Geothermal is simple earth heating. Geothermal heat is
related to the energy that is being taken out from earth.

Heat Pump
The heat pump is in general the process of rising or
decreasing the temperature of buildings air by means
of heating or cooling by moving the heat in and out of
the ground. During the summer
Working of GHP
Installation scenario

Cost

total cost varies from $ 15,000 to $ 30,000 for installing

Benefits

Can decrease bills for fuel consumption if conventional


electric heating has replaced
Can provide income through Renewable heat incentive paid
by Government

Refrigerant
Used
It must have good heat transfer ability
Good freezing protection at low temperatures
Comparison of harmful emissions between a
conventional oil fired central heating system and
water/water based heat pumps

0.5
Oil-fired
0.4
central
0.3 heating
0.2
Electrically
0.1 powered
0
heat pump
SO2 NOx CO CxHy Dust
Comparison of different heating systems
GY
E R
EN
AR
O L
S
Solar power

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight to electricity,


either directly or indirectly using photovoltaic or
focused solar power.

Focused solar electric systems use lenses or mirrors


to
focus sunlight into a small beam.
Solar energy potential in Pakistan
Solar energy Potential in Pakistan

as Pakistan is the 6th luckiest country in the world where sun


availability is 16 hours on average.

Pakistan is an exceptionally sunny country. If 0.25% of


Baluchistan is covered with solar panels with an efficiency of
20%, enough electricity would be generated to cover all of
Pakistani demand.

The solar energy resources has been calculated at 800


million megawatt and its estimation for Pakistan is about
100,000 megawatt,
Solar energy in neighborhood of
Pakistan (INDIA)
Solar energy Projects In Pakistan
Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) claimed
3000 households in 49 villages of Sindh province in
district Tharparkar in June 2007
Moreover 100 solar home systems were installed in 3
villages of district Dera Bugti
119 solar systems in 10 villages of Deh Tiko Baran
District Jamshroo, Sindh
solar home systems in 16 villages of Kuzdar, Balochistan
are also to be installed during this financial year.
Future Green Energy Projects of Pakistan
Wind Energy
Jhimpir project

Solar Energy

Hydro Energy
Kurram Tangi Dam
4th Extension of Tarbela Dam
Neelam Jehlam Dam
Conclusion

Green energy is solution of Energy crisis all over


the world
Our current rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an
energy crisis this century
While the rate of development is slow, mainstream
awareness and government pressures are growing
With renewable energy, people needn't worry about
disasters such as oil spills or nuclear power leaks
A skilled workforce is needed
Conclusion

Green energy is the future of Pakistan.

So,
In a nutshell,
Technology is there
Resources are there
Everything is there
The only need is
THE WILL TO DO IT
References
PSMA :Pakistan sugar annual report 2008/2009 USDA Foreign Agricultural Service Gain
Report
Sugar Crisis in Pakistan research paper
www.nation .com
http://pakboi.gov.pk/pdf/Sugar%20.pdf
http://www.pakistaneconomist.com/issue2002/issue38/i&e3.htm
http://www.slideshare.net/phulcritude/sugar1-5705772
http://www.agricorner.com/tag/pakistan-sugar-mills-association/
http://www.ethanol.com.pk/ethanol-blog/
https://www.google.com.pk/search?biw=1360&bih=676&q=list+of+sugar+industri
es+in+pakistan&revid=898545313&sa=X&ei=nomZUuT5KsuShQetuIF4&sqi=2&ved=0CJk
BENUCKAc
http://www.psmacentre.com/sgindustry.php?sgid=3&type=listofmills&status=1#top
http://www.hwgc.com.pk/distillery.htm

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