Roots, Soils, and

Nutrient Uptake
Group 3:
Dessi Endriyani
Dita Perdana
 SOILS
Soil is composed of three main
components: solids, liquids, and
gases.
1. Solids : The solid phase, in
particular the mineral particles, is the
K,Mg,Fe,N,P,S
primary source of nutrient elements.
,Ca
 Liquids : liquid phase that includes
water.
Gases : equilibrium with the
CO2, O2, N2
atmosphere,
 The Characteristic of Soil
Texture: dependent on size of
particles . Particles in the form of
sand , silt , and clay.
Material > 2mm are coarse
fragments
Material < 2mm only
Sand - 2.0 - 0.05 mm
Silt - 0.05 - 0.002 mm
Clay - < 0.002 mm
 Soil Texture (mineral
material only)
Sand - gritty
Silt - smooth, velvety
Clay - slick, sticky
USDA Textural Classes (12)
Sand
Sandy Clay
Loamy
Loam
Sand Silty Clay
Sandy Loam
Loam Clay Loam
Loam Sandy Clay
Silt Loam Silty Clay
Silt Clay
 Soil structure describes the
arrangement of the solid parts of the
soil and of the pore space located
between them.
 Granular Structure

Blocky Structure
 Prismatic Structure

Columnar Structure
 Single-grained Structure

Massive Structure
 Grade of Soil Structure
 Class of Soil Structure
The size or class of the peds is
described as fine, medium, or coarse.
How does structure affect water movement in soils?

In soils with good structure, the pore

space that occurs between peds is
relatively large and facilitates water
and air movement.
Well-developed structure is very
important in clayey soils.
Clayey soils with poor structure
restrict water and air movement.
 The Role of Soils
As the habitat or medium planting
The soil as a nutrient reservoir
Colloids,
Colloids are a significant component
of most soils, consists predominantly
of sand, silt, and clay,
AVAILABILITY OF HARA
ELEMENTS THAT CAN
ABSORBED BY THE SOIL
 What is Hara?
Hara is an indispensable element by
plants. Hara is widely available in the
groundwater
 Based on its role , nutrients are
divided into :
1. Esensial nutrients
2. Fungsional nutrients
3. Potensial nutrients
 Esensial nutrients

Essential nutrients are indispensable

by plants to complete their life cycle.
Elements that include essential
nutrients are 16 elements, and lies in
the periodic system of elements on
the line Argon (Ar) is a line that
connects with the C Ar.
 Essential Nutrients
An element can said to be essential for
the plant if :
plants are unable to complete their life
cycle (until its produce seeds that can
grow) if these elements are not available.
these elements are building blocks of a
molecule or part of the plant that are
essential to the survival of the plant.
Eg N as the building blocks of protein, and
Mg as a constituent of chlorophyll.
 Fungsional Nutrients

Functional Nutrients is the Nutrients

that if they are in the soil or medium
can improve plant growth.

For example the element Sodium

(Na) can replace the role of the
element potassium (K)
 Fungsional Nutrients

Functional Nutrients is the Nutrients

that if they are in the soil or medium
can improve plant growth.

For example the element Sodium

(Na) can replace the role of the
element potassium (K)
 Potential Nutrients

Potential Nutrients is the nutrients

that is often found in the body of
plants
Based on the amount needed by the plant, nutrients can be divided into 2 :

1. Makro Nutrients
2. Mikro Nutrients
 Makro Nutrients

This element is required by plants in

very large quantities
Example: N, P, S (anion) and K, Ca,
Mg (cations).
 Mikro Nutrients

This element needed by plants in

small amounts
These elements include: BCl, Cu, Fe,
Mn, Mo, Zn.
Based on the source of absorption,
nutrient separated into two
sources

1. Absorbed from the air

2. Absorbed from the soil
Absorbed from the air

Nutrients are absorbed from the air is C, O,

and S, which is derived from CO2, O2, and
SO2,
N uptake both from the air and from the
ground assimilated in the process of
reduction and amination.
Nitrogen (N) in the air is absorbed from the
free N2 through root nodule bacteria and
NH3 absorbed through the stomata of the
plant.
 Absorbed from the Soil

Absorption of nutrients carried by

plant roots. and taken from the
complex uptake of soil or soil solution
in the form of cations and anions.
There can be absorbed in the form of
a chelate that is bonding metal
cations with organic compounds.
 DISCERN ENTRY
PROCESS OF ION
THROUGH THE
NETWORKS OF ROOTS
SYMPLAST AND
APOPLAST
 Apoplast Transportation
Transportation along the path
consisting of the extracellular part of
a living plant roots, ie the cell walls
and the space between cells.
water enters by way of osmosis.
 Simplast Transportation
In this carriage, after entering into
the cells of the epidermis roots,
water and dissolved minerals moves
into the cell
Transport Mechanism
 Simple difusion
Transport process does not require a
direct input of metabolic energy.
 Active Transport
Active transport requires an input of
energy and does not occur
spontaneously.
Active transport serves to
accumulate solutes in the cell when
solute concentration in the
environment is very low.
 ROLE OF
MICROORGANISM
(mycorrhiza)
 Symbiosis mycorrhiza
Symbiosis is an intimate association
between two organisms that are not
related.
Mycorrhiza is essential for mineral
nutrition of plants because many
threads fungal hyphae can utilize
more land than the roots of plants,
and thus the mycorrhizal association
greatly enhances the absorption of
minerals and water.
 Types of Mycorrhizae
Based on how the infection to the host
and the body structure, mycorrhiza
divided into two types :
1. Endomikoriza
2. Ektomikoriza
 Endomikoriza

network of fungal hyphae into the

cortex cells and then form an oval-
shaped structures called vesicles and
branching hyphae called arbuscular,
so endomikoriza also called vesicular-
arbuscular micorrihizae (MVA).
Eg : MVA with greapes tree
 Ektomikoriza

network of fungal hyphae growing

among the root cortex cells because
the network does not get into the
cells, and forming "Hartig net" and
coat on roots.

Eg : rhizobium with leguminosa sp.

General benefits from Mycorrhiza

1. Benefits in the ecosystem

2. Benefits for plants
3. Benefits for humans
 Benefit in ecosystem
Role in nutrient cycling
improving soil structure and
distribute carbohydrates from plant
roots to other soil organisms
 Manfaat bagi tanaman

Increases plant growth.

Increases plant resistance to disease
attacks the roots or the soil and root
nematode attack
Improving the ability of plants to
absorb essential nutrients contained
in the soil, such as elements of N, P,
K, Ca, Cu, Mn, and Mg.
 Generate PGR (Substance Stimulants
Body) on the root causes plants can
thrive and not easily stressed when
treated in different environments.
Improve aeration in the soil
Accelerate the development of non-
pathogenic microbes saprofit around
the roots so the plants can grow in a
healthy and fertile.