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system
Soehartinah Kramadibrata
Antono
Bag/SMF Radiologi
FK. UNPAD / RSUP. Dr. Hasan Sadikin
Introduction
Anatomy and pathology
Summary
Introduction
1. History : anatomy of cardiovascular
Cardiovascular -- 16 th century -- autopsy, ECG
2. Modalities
Without x ray
ECG
MRI
Radiopharmacy Nuclear medicine Tc 99 m th
204
Introduction
With X - rays
Without contrast media : chest X rays,
fluoroscopy, EBCT
With contrast media: Esophagography,
interventional cardiography EBCT
2. Respiration
Deep inspiration
Expiration
Chest X Rays of normal neonatus
1. Focus - film distance
M = midline
A = 1/3 C1
B = C1
D + E = 4 cm
F = height of the aorta, 2 cm form the edge of the manubrium
A+B
CTR = C1 + C2 X 100%
7. Visualisation of the heart structures
Postero-anterior projection : RA, RV, LV
Lateral projection : RV, LV, LA -- PA, AA
Right anterior oblique projection :
LA,RA, RV--AA
Left anterior oblique projection : RV --
RAA, LV-LA, PA
8. Imaging of the lungs vascular
Close relation between the lungs
vascular and abnormalities of the
heart, vice versa
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Pulmonary artery/veins
Normally : Blood (RV) --> thru PA --> Right
and Left Lungs
PA tributaries (small arteries) with bronchi
to the alveoli capillaries
PVs (capillary plexus) in alveoli septa -->
to medial part of the lungs --> wider --> LA
PVs of the lungs basis --> to the lower part
of LA
PVs of the other part of the lungs --> to
the upper part of LA
Pulmonary artery
Hilum : consist of the pulmonary
artery, pulmonary veins, bronchus
and nodes
Right hilum : in the middle of right
lungs, apex and right diaphragm
Left hilum : higher than the right
hilum
Adult chest X Rays
Pulmonary artery
Hilum : consist of the pulmonary
artery, pulmonary veins, bronchus and
nodes
Right hilum : in the middle of right
lungs, apex and right diaphragm
Left hilum : higher than the right hilum
PATHOLOGY
ABNORMALITIES OF LUNG VASCULATURES