Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Coby Harmon
University of California, Santa Barbara
Westmont College
15-1
15 Long-Term Liabilities
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
[2] Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
[6] Identify the methods for the presentation and analysis of long-term
liabilities.
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Preview of Chapter 15
Accounting Principles
Eleventh Edition
Weygandt Kimmel Kieso
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Bond Basics
Helpful
Helpful Hint
Hint Besides
Besides
corporations,
corporations, governmental
governmental
agencies
agencies and
and universities
universities
also
also issue
issue bonds
bonds to
to raise
raise
capital.
capital.
Question
Major disadvantages resulting from the use of bonds are:
Types of Bonds
Secured and Unsecured (debenture) bonds.
Issuing Procedures
State laws grant corporations the power to issue bonds.
Issuing Procedures
Represents a promise to pay:
Maturity
Maturity
Date
Date
Contractual
Contractual
Interest
Interest
Rate
Rate
Face
Face or
or
15-10 Par
Par Value
Value LO 1 Explain why bonds are issued.
Bond Basics
15-13 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Accounting for Bond Issues
Bond
Contractual
Interest Rate
of 10%
15-14 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Accounting for Bond Issues
Question
The rate of interest investors demand for loaning funds to a
corporation is the:
a. contractual interest rate.
15-15 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Accounting for Bond Issues
Question
Karson Inc. issues 10-year bonds with a maturity value of $200,000.
If the bonds are issued at a premium, this indicates that:
c. the contractual interest rate and the market interest rate are
the same.
15-16 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Accounting for Bond Issues
15-17 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Issuing Bonds at Face Value
Cash 5,000
15-18 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Issuing Bonds at Face Value
15-19 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Accounting for Bond Issues
15-20 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Issuing Bonds at a Discount
Statement Presentation
Illustration 15-5
Carrying value or
book value
Sale of bonds below face value causes the total cost of borrowing to be
more than the bond interest paid.
The reason: Borrower is required to pay the bond discount at the maturity
date. Thus, the bond discount is considered to be a increase in the
cost of borrowing.
15-21 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Issuing Bonds at a Discount
Illustration 15-7
15-22 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Issuing Bonds at a Discount
Question
Discount on Bonds Payable:
b. is a contra account.
15-23 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Accounting for Bond Issues
15-24 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Issuing Bonds at a Premium
Statement Presentation
Illustration 15-8
Sale of bonds above face value causes the total cost of borrowing to be
less than the bond interest paid.
The reason: The borrower is not required to pay the bond premium at the
maturity date of the bonds. Thus, the bond premium is considered to
be a reduction in the cost of borrowing.
15-25 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Issuing Bonds at a Premium
Illustration 15-10
15-26 LO 2 Prepare the entries for the issuance of bonds and interest expense.
Accounting for Bond Redemptions
The carrying value of the bonds is the face value of the bonds less
unamortized bond discount or plus unamortized bond premium at the
redemption date.
Question
When bonds are redeemed before maturity, the gain or loss on
redemption is the difference between the cash paid and the:
For the issuer, the bonds sell at a higher price and pay a lower
rate of interest than comparable debt securities without the
conversion option.
Question
When bonds are converted into common stock:
a. a gain or loss is recognized.
b. the carrying value of the bonds is transferred to paid-in
capital accounts.
c. the market price of the stock is considered in the entry.
Question
Each payment on a mortgage note payable consists of:
Lease Liabilities
A lease is a contractual arrangement between a lessor (owner
of the property) and a lessee (renter of the property).
Illustration 15-12
Instructions:
a. What type of lease is this? Explain.
b. Prepare the journal entry to record the lease.
Question
The lessee must record a lease as an asset if the lease:
Presentation
Illustration 15-13
15-46
LO 6 Identify the methods for the presentation
and analysis of long-term liabilities.
Statement Presentation and Analysis
Analysis
Two ratios that provide information about debt-paying ability
and long-run solvency are:
Debt to Total Assets Ratio
15-47
LO 6 Identify the methods for the presentation
and analysis of long-term liabilities.
Statement Presentation and Analysis
Analysis
Illustration: Kellogg had total liabilities of $8,925 million, total assets
of $11,200 million, interest expense of $295 million, income taxes of
$476 million, and net income of $1,208 million.
The higher the percentage of debt to total assets, the greater the
risk that the company may be unable to meet its maturing obligations.
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LO 6
Statement Presentation and Analysis
Analysis
Illustration: Kellogg had total liabilities of $8,925 million, total assets
of $11,200 million, interest expense of $295 million, income taxes of
$476 million, and net income of $1,208 million.
Illustration 15A-1
The future amount ($1,000), the interest rate (10%), and the
number of periods (1) are known
Illustration 15A-2
Assume that you will receive $1,000 cash annually for three
years and the interest rate is 10%.
Illustration 15A-5
Assume that you will receive $1,000 cash annually for three
years and the interest rate is 10%.
Illustration 15A-6
Assume that you will receive $1,000 cash annually for three
years and the interest rate is 10%.
PLUS
Required steps:
1. Compute the bond interest expense.
Illustration 15B-2
Illustration 15B-4
Illustration 15C-2
15-71 LO 9 Apply the straight-line method of bond discount and bond premium.
APPENDIX 15C Straight-Line Amortization
15-72 LO 9 Apply the straight-line method of bond discount and bond premium.
APPENDIX 15C Straight-Line Amortization
Illustration 15C-4
15-73 LO 9 Apply the straight-line method of bond discount and bond premium.
APPENDIX 15C Straight-Line Amortization
15-74 LO 9 Apply the straight-line method of bond discount and bond premium.
A Look at IFRS
Key Points
As indicated in Chapter 11, in general GAAP and IFRS define liabilities
similarly.
IFRS requires that companies classify liabilities as current or non-current
on the face of the statement of financial position (balance sheet), except
in industries where a presentation based on liquidity would be
considered to provide more useful information (such as financial
institutions). When current liabilities (also called short-term liabilities) are
presented, they are generally presented in order of liquidity.
Under IFRS, liabilities are classified as current if they are expected to be
paid within 12 months.
15-75 LO 10 Compare the accounting for long-term liabilities under GAAP and IFRS.
A Look at IFRS
Key Points
Similar to GAAP, items are normally reported in order of liquidity.
Companies sometimes show liabilities before assets. Also, they will
sometimes show non-current (long-term) liabilities before current
liabilities.
Under both GAAP and IFRS, preferred stock that is required to be
redeemed at a specific point in time in the future must be reported as
debt, rather than being presented as either equity or in a mezzanine
area between debt and equity.
The basic calculation for bond valuation is the same under GAAP and
IFRS. In addition, the accounting for bond liability transactions is
essentially the same between GAAP and IFRS.
15-76 LO 10 Compare the accounting for long-term liabilities under GAAP and IFRS.
A Look at IFRS
Key Points
IFRS requires use of the effective-interest method for amortization of
bond discounts and premiums. GAAP allows use of the straight-line
method where the difference is not material. Under IFRS, companies
do not use a premium or discount account but instead show the bond
at its net amount. For example, if a $100,000 bond was issued at 97,
under IFRS a company would record:
Cash 97,000
15-77 LO 10 Compare the accounting for long-term liabilities under GAAP and IFRS.
A Look at IFRS
Key Points
The accounting for convertible bonds differs across IFRS and GAAP,
Unlike GAAP, IFRS splits the proceeds from the convertible bond
between an equity component and a debt component. The equity
conversion rights are reported in equity.
Both Boards share the same objective of recording leases by lessess
and lessors according to their economic substancethat is,
according to the definitions of assets and liabilities. However, GAAP
for leases is much more rules-based with specific bright-line criteria
(such as the 90% of fair value test) to determine if a lease
arrangement transfers the risks and rewards of ownership; IFRS is
more conceptual in its provisions. Rather than a 90% cut-off, it asks
whether the agreement transfers substantially all of the risks and
rewards associated with ownership.
15-78 LO 10 Compare the accounting for long-term liabilities under GAAP and IFRS.
A Look at IFRS
In addition to these projects, the FASB and IASB have also identified leasing
as one of the most problematic areas of accounting. A joint project will
initially focus primarily on lessee accounting.
15-79 LO 10 Compare the accounting for long-term liabilities under GAAP and IFRS.
A Look at IFRS
c) the same except that market prices may be different because the
present value calculations are different between IFRS and GAAP.
15-80 LO 10 Compare the accounting for long-term liabilities under GAAP and IFRS.
A Look at IFRS
d) as a liability
15-81 LO 10 Compare the accounting for long-term liabilities under GAAP and IFRS.
A Look at IFRS
15-82 LO 10 Compare the accounting for long-term liabilities under GAAP and IFRS.
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