Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 9a
Acknlowledgement to
Computers: Information Technology in Perspective
By Long and Long
Copyright 2002 Prentice Hall, Inc.
1
Objectives
2
Why?
3
The Competitive Advantage -
GOOD
Access to a world market
Improve quality
Aid employee communication
Reduce costs
Increase productivity
Improve company morale
Serendipitous
Surfing:
Politics
4
Cost, Risk, and Change - BAD
IT solutions can be
expensive and time
consuming
Element of risk in
the implantation of
IT
Implementing IT
means change
5
Information Quality
Quality (GIGO)
Accessibility
Completeness
Timeliness
Relevance (Information overload)
6
Business System Model
Products
Products
Resources
Resources Functions
Functions &&
Services
Services
Financial Colleges/
7
Employees Managers Government Customers Stockholders Media
Institutions agencies
Filtering Information
Clerical
Clerical Level
Level (Transaction
(TransactionHandling)
Handling)
Operational
Operational Level
Level (Exception
(ExceptionReports)
Reports)
Tactical
Tactical Level
Level (What-if
(What-ifReports)
Reports)
Strategic
Strategic Level
Level (One-time
(One-timeReports,
Reports,What-if
What-if
Reports
Reportsor
orTrend
TrendAnalyses)
Analyses)
8
Making Decisions
10
Information System Types
Manual system
No hardware
No software
11
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Activities:
Transaction handling
Record-keeping
Action documents
Scheduled reports
Primarily support:
Clerical personnel
MIS Operational-level managers
DSS
EIS Inflexible
12
Management Information System
14
MIS In Action
Airline
Reservation
System
(also,
Inventory
Control)
15
Decisions Support Systems
interactive
integrated set of
hardware and
software tools
produce
information to
support decision-
making process
16
DSS vs. MIS
MIS: DSS:
structured semistructured
and
problems unstructured
designed to problems
support a can be
adapted to
set of any decision
applications environment
17
DSS Characteristics
more. . .
18
DSS Characteristics
Applications Development
Quick application building
Throwaway systems
Support a one-time decision
Data Management
Data Warehousing (combine
and offer preset relationships)
Data Mining (search warehouse
for new relationships)
more. . .
20
DSS Tool Box
Modeling
Decisions involve many factors
Uncertainty and risk present
Statistical Analysis
Risk Analysis
Trend Analysis
Planning
What-If
Goal Seeking
more. . .
21
DSS Tool Box
Inquiry
Graphics
Consolidations
Application-Specific
22
EIS DSS with a twist
Executive Information
System
Just DSS for executives
Each tool is designed
specifically to support
decision making at the
executive levels of
management
Primarily the tactical and
strategic levels
23
Expert Systems
An Expert System is an
interactive system
Responds to questions
Asks for clarification
Makes recommendations
Helps the user in the decision-
making process
Simulates human thought
process
Reasons, draws inferences &
makes judgments (heuristic
knowledge)
Information acquired from live
domain experts
Highest form of knowledge-
based systems, not an
assistant system
24
Expert System Example
25
Intelligent Agents
Manual
Data Processing Filing cabinet
MIS Timely inquiries, focused reports
DSS interpret unstructured facts, what if
Expert Systems move user through
process
Intelligent Agents event triggers
27
Objective Summary