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Presentation on:

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
TEST CONSTRUCTION

Presented by: TUFAIL AHMAD


ID# 11010
Submitted to : Dr Majid Sabir
QUSIT Peshawar
What is principle?
The Cambridge Dictionary defines Principle
as:
A basic idea or rule that explains or
controls how something happens or
works.

* a rule or code of conduct


Test Construction
Constructing test is not an easy job. It
requires expertise in the subject.
Constructing test is an important part of
assessing students understanding of
course content and their level of
competency in applying what they are
learning.
Principles of Test
Construction
A good test should be based upon these
principles:
Proper steps of test construction should be
followed.
Designed in such way that it measure all
instructional objectives.
Cover all learning tasks
The Primary Purpose of Assessment is to
Improve Student Learning
According to the level of all students
Pretest and Post Test
A measurement of the learning received
during the class as a result of comparing
what the student knew before in a pre-test
and after the class experience in a post-
test.
Reasons for using a pre-
test:
To measure a starting point or the amount
of pre-existing knowledge on the course
topic
To allow students to test out of course
with a 100% correct score
To inform the instructor about topics that
are/are not needed to cover in the course
based on students previous knowledge
To indicate to the student the learning
level of the course topic
Reasons for using a post-
test:
To measure the learning as a result of the
course experience
To analyze the appropriateness of the
learning objectives
To recognize students who need
additional help
To target any instructional needs to
improve the course
Other principles
Some people are of the view that the
following characteristics also provide
the basis for testing.
Validity
Reliability
Feasibility
Test construction
principles
These steps should be followed while
designing a test:
Pre-planning for the test
Planning the test
Preparing test design according to need
and subject
Preparing the table of specification
Compose the test items
Preparing marking scheme
pre-planning
Plan for the test in advance when you
come to classroom on the first day.
Make an item bank and keep questions
there.
Arrange the items in proper order i.e.
content / objective
Then sample the items according to test
blueprint
Planning the test
Determining the objectives of the test
Determine the maximum marks allotted to
test abd each question/section
Decide on maximum marks
Test design
While making a test, decide that how much
weight should be given to these factors
Objectives
Course content/units
Question type/format
Difficulty level
Table of specification
Content: Objectives: Total
(Level of Bloom taxonomy)
Knowledge Comprehension Application

Chap.1 10 5 1 16 (32%)

Chap. 2 10 5 1 16 (32%)

Chap. 3 12 5 1 18 (36%)

Total 32 (64%) 15 (30%) 3 (6%) 50 (100%)


Preparation of scoring key
Marks distribution criteria:
Content = ?
Understanding = ?
New ideas = ?
Logical representation and organization = ?
Marks deduction
Irrelevant material = ?
Grammatical and spelling mistakes = ?
References
EFFECTIVE TEST ADMINISTRATION IN SCHOOLS. (n.d.).
Retrieved 02 03, 2017, from University of Guelph hosted
OJS journals:
https://journal.lib.uoguelph.ca/index.php/ajote/article/dow
nload/1589/2193
Pre-and Post- Testing. (n.d.). Retrieved 02 03, 2017, from
Boston University Medical Campus:
www.bumc.bu.edu/fd/files/PDF/Pre-andPost-Tests.pdf
Principlesand Indicators for Student Assessment
Systems. (n.d.). Retrieved 02 04, 2017, from
http://www.fairtest.org/principles-and-indicators-student-
assessment-syste
PRINCIPLES OF TEST CREATION. (2003). Brigham Young
University.
COMMENTS ????
THANK YOU

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