HYPERLOOP

PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

The 5th form of transportation?

Submitted to,
Presented by,
Mr. Hemant Kaushik
Vaibhav Koolwal
13EREEX724.
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CONVENTIONAL MODES OF TRANSPORTATION:

1. RAIL relatively slow and expensive

2. ROAD relatively slow

3. WATER relatively slow

4. AIR expensive

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HYPERLOOP:

Hyperloop is a new mode of transport ?

Proposed by ELON MUSK American business magnate, investor, and

inventor. He is currently the CEO & CTO of SpaceX and CEO &
Chief Product Architect of Tesla Motors.

A high-speed train that promises travel at twice the speed of a

commercial aircraft, transporting passengers from Los Angeles to San
Francisco in just 30 minutes.

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 A high-level alpha design for the system was published on August 12,
2013, in a whitepaper posted to the Tesla and SpaceX blogs.

Musk has also said he invites feedback to "see if the people can find
ways to improve it"; it will be an open source design, with anyone
free to use and modify it.

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 A Hyperloop would be "an elevated, reduced-pressure tube that
contains pressurized capsules driven within the tube by a number
of linear electric motors.

This system can achieve an average speed of 598 mph (962 km/h),
and a top speed of 760 mph (1,220 km/h).

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 Hyperloop consists of a low pressure tube with capsules that are
transported at both low and high speeds throughout the length of the
tube.

Hyperloop conceptual diagram.

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Hyperloop tube stretching from Los Angeles to San Francisco.

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 Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at stations located either at the
ends of the tube, or branches along the tube length.

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Components of Hyperloop Transportation System

1. Capsule

2. Tube

3. Propulsion

4. Route

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 1. CAPSULE
Sealed capsules carrying 28 passengers each that travel along the interior
of the tube depart on average every 2 minutes from Los Angeles or San
Francisco (up to every 30 seconds during peak usage hours).

The maximum width is 4.43 ft (1.35 m) and maximum height is 6.11 ft

(1.10 m). With rounded corners, this is equivalent to a 15 ft 2 (1.4 m2)
frontal area, not including any propulsion or suspension components.

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 The capsules are accelerated via a magnetic linear accelerator affixed at
various stations on the low pressure tube with rotors contained in each
capsule.

Hyperloop passenger capsule subsystem notional locations (not to scale).

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 For travel at high speeds, the greatest power requirement is normally
to overcome air resistance.

Aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed, and thus the
power requirement increases with the cube of speed.

For example, to travel twice as fast a vehicle must overcome four

times the aerodynamic resistance, and input eight times the power.

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 Just as aircraft climb to high altitudes to travel through less dense air,
Hyperloop encloses the capsules in a reduce pressure tube.

The pressure of air in Hyperloop is about 1/6 the pressure of the

atmosphere on Mars.

This is an operating pressure of 100 Pascals, which reduces the drag

force of the air by 1,000 times relative to sea level conditions and
would be equivalent to flying above 150,000 feet altitude

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 The capsules are separated within the tube by approximately 23 miles
(37 km) on average during operation.

The capsules are supported via air bearings that operate using a
compressed air reservoir and aerodynamic lift.

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Hyperloop passenger capsule version with doors open at the station.

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Hyperloop passenger transport capsule conceptual design rendering.
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 2.TUBE
The tube is made of steel. Two tubes will be welded together in a side by
side configuration to allow the capsules to travel both directions.

Pylons are placed every 100 ft (30 m) to support the tube.

Solar arrays will cover the top of the tubes in order to provide power to
the system.

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 The inner diameter of the tube is optimized to be 7 ft 4 in. (2.23 m)
which is small enough to keep material cost low while large enough
to provide some alleviation of choked air flow around the capsule.

The tube cross-sectional area is 42.2 ft2 (3.91 m2) giving a

capsule/tube area ratio of 36% or a diameter ratio of 60%.

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Hyperloop capsule in tube cutaway with attached solar arrays.

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 high-speed transport more generally, have historically been impeded
by the difficulties in managing friction and air resistance, both of
which become substantial when vehicles approach high speeds.

vactrain concept : tubes kept at a complete vacuum, allowing for

theoretical speeds of thousands of miles per hour.

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 The expected pressure inside the tube will be maintained around
100pa (less pressure).

This low pressure minimizes the drag force on the capsule while
maintaining the relative ease of pumping out the air from the tube.

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3.PROPULSION

Linear accelerators are constructed along the length of the tube at

various locations to accelerate the capsules.

Stators are located on the capsules to transfer momentum to the

capsules via the linear accelerators.

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Rotor (mounted to
capsule)

Stator (mounted to tube)

Rotor and stator 3D diagram

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4.ROUTE

There will be a station at Los Angeles and San Francisco. Several

stations along the way will be possible with splits in the tube.

The majority of the route will follow highway and the tube will be
constructed in the median

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Overview of Hyperloop route from Los Angeles to San Francisco.

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COST;

Total cost of the Hyperloop passenger transportation system.

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Advantages;

Ready when the passenger is ready to travel (road)

Inexpensive (road)
Fast (air)
Environmentally friendly (rail/road via electric cars)
Sustainable (uses solar energy)
Runs trough the median of existing highway

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Limitations;

A number of economists and transportation experts have expressed

the belief that the US$6 billion price tag dramatically understates the
cost of designing, developing, constructing and testing an all-new
form of transportation.

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Related projects:

In 1812 the British mechanical engineer and inventor George

Medhurst wrote a book detailing his idea of transporting passengers
and goods through air-tight tubes using air propulsion.
Atmospheric railways were built in Ireland and England, most notably
the London and Croydon Railway, the first stage opening in 1846.
The Crystal Palace pneumatic railway operated around 1864 and used
large fans, some 22 feet (6.7 m) in diameter, that were powered by a
steam engine. The tunnels are now lost but the line operated
successfully for over a year.

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SUMMARY:

Hyperloop is a new idea of solar powered transportation system with

high speed of up to 800mph, which is developed by US
entrepreneur Elon Musk.
He proposed this transportation system to the route from the Los
Angeles region to the San Francisco Bay Area. In this presentation,
the possibilities and construction of the system is explained with the
details of different components of the system.
The technical details of the Hyperloop in this presentation are based
on the design details released by Elon musk on 12 th august, 2013.

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REFERENCES:

Musk, Elon (August 12, 2013). "Hyperloop

Alpha". SpaceX.
Hyperloop ,Wikipedia
Bilton, Nick. "Could the Hyperloop Really Cost $6
Billion? Critics Say No". The New York Times.

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THANK YOU

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