SMOKE SENSORS

Under the guidance of

Mr.M.R.SRINIVAS
Lecturer, By
mechanical Dpt ,
Punith R

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INTRODUCTION

A electromechanical device that is sensitive to

the presence of smoke or particulate material
in the air that transmits a signal to a measuring
or control instrument.

Smoke detectors consist of two basic parts: a

sensor to sense the smoke and a very loud
electronic horn to wake people up.
screwed to your ceiling always.

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GENERL BLOCK DIAGRAM

STIMULANT SENSOR SWITCHING

(SMOKE) ASSEMBLY CIRCUITS

AUDIO/VISUAL
COMPONENTS

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Types of smoke detector

Photoelectric smoke detector

Ionization smoke detector

Carbon monoxide and carbon

dioxide dector
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Photoelectric Smoke Detector

The photoelectric type of smoke detector

utilizes light as a detection
mechanism.

The basic detection principle of this

sensor is the making or breaking of a
circuit in presence of smoke.

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Light scattering smoke detector

Light sensing photoelectric smoke detectors

depend on the ability of small airborne
particles to scatter light.
Scattering is due to absorption, reflection,
refraction, polarization, and diffraction.

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 Cont.
the light emitted from the light source is not
detected by the photo sensor.
When smoke particles enter the chamber,
some of the light is scattered toward the
photo sensor.
The amount of smoke that enters the
chamber increases, more incident light is
scattered toward the photo sensor.
When the concentration of particles
reaches a predetermined threshold, an
alarm will sound.

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Ionization smoke Detector
Have ionization chamber inside the detector
Ionization chamber is simply two plate chamber with
voltage across them along with radioactive source of
ionization radiation.
The alpha particles generated by the
americium,ionize the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of
the air in the chamber.

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Ionization smoke detector (Cont.)
Ionize means to "knock an electron off"
free electron are created.
The negative electron is attracted to the plate with
a positive voltage, and the positive atom is
attracted to the plate with a negative voltage.
The electronics in the smoke detector sense the
small amount of electrical current that these
electrons and ions moving toward the plates
represent.
When smoke enters the ionization chamber, it
disrupts this current.
The smoke particles attach to the ions and
neutralize them. The smoke detector senses the
drop in current between the plates and sets off the
horn.
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 ADVANTAGES

Components are easily available.

Simpler and efficient circuit.
Less chance of failure.
Low maintenance cost...
Not prone to nuisances related to cooking
since dense smoke only activates the
circuit.

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 DISADVANTAGES:

The main disadvantages of this system is

that this works only if the sensor assembly
gets filled by smoke and this should
interrupt the light of white LED from
reaching the photodiode.
Prone to nuisance alarms from dusts
and insects. So the circuit should be kept
clean.
This sensor responds to mostly dense
smoke. Page 11
 Applications:
Used for accurate measurement of light
intensity in science and industry.
Widely used in various medical
applications, such as detectors for
computed tomography (coupled with
scintillators) or instruments to analyze
samples (immunoassay).
Used for optical communications and in
lighting regulation.

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 CONCLUSION
Statistics show that death or serious injury can be avoided
in households
where smoke alarms are installed and maintained.

SMOKE ALARMS SAVE LIVES!

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 Reference
www.alldatasheet.com/datasheet

www.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp

http://elektrokit.in/index.php
http://sales.hamamatsu.com

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THANK YOU

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