Chapter 2 Computer Programming

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objectives Overview
Identify and briefly

describe various
broadband Internet
Discuss the evolution of connections and state Describe the types of
the Internet differences between Internet access providers
broadband Internet
connections and dial-up
connections
Describe how to use a

Describe the purpose of Explain the purpose of a search engine to search
an IP address and its Web browser and identify for information on the
relationship to a domain the components of a Web Web and differentiate
name address between a search engine
and a subject directory
See Page 73 2
for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Objectives Overview
Explain how Web

Identify and briefly
pages use graphics,
Describe the types of describe the steps
animation, audio,
Web sites required for Web
video, virtual reality,
publishing
and plug-ins
Explain how e-mail,

mailing lists, instant
messaging, chat
Describe the types of Identify the rules of
rooms, VoIP,
e-commerce netiquette
newsgroups and
message boards, and
FTP work
See Page 73 3
for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection

of networks that links millions of
businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals
Page 74 4
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-1
Evolution of the Internet
The Internet originated as ARPANET in

September 1969 and had two main
goals: Function even if
Allow scientists at
part of the
different physical
network were
locations to share
disabled or
information and
destroyed by a
work together
disaster
Page 75 5
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
ARPANET
and
1969 becomes
ARPANET known as 1996
becomes the Internet2
functional Internet is founded
1984 1995 Today

ARPANET NSFNet More than
has more terminates 550
than 1,000 its network million
individual on the hosts
computers Internet connect to
linked as and the
hosts resumes Internet
status as
research
Pages 75 - 76 network 6
Each organization is responsible only for

maintaining its own network
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
oversees research and sets guidelines and
standards
Internet2 connects more than 200
universities and 115 companies via a
high-speed private network
Page 76 7
Many home and small business users

connect to the Internet via high-speed
broadband Internet service
Fiber to
Cable Cellular Satellite
the Fixed
Internet DSL Radio Wi-Fi Internet
Premises wireless
service Network Service
(FTTP)
Page 76 8
An access provider is a business that

provides individuals and organizations access
to the Internet free or for a fee
Page 77 9
Figure 2-2
ISP Online Wireless
(Internet service Internet
service provider service
provider)
Regional ISPs (OSP) provider
Provides wireless
provide Internet
Has many Internet access
access to a
members-only to computers
specific
features and mobile
geographical
devices
area
Popular OSPs
National ISPs
include AOL
provide Internet
(America Online) May require a
access in cities
and MSN wireless modem
and towns
(Microsoft
nationwide
Network)
Page 78 10
Page 79 11
Figure 2-3
An IP address is a number that uniquely

identifies each computer or device connected
to the Internet
A domain name is the text version of an IP
address
Top-level domain (TLD)
A DNS server translates the domain name
into its associated IP address
Pages 79 80 12
Figure 2-4
Page 80 13
Figure 2-5
The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web, or Web, consists

of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents (Web pages)
A Web site is a collection of related Web
pages and associated items
A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide
a means for users to interact
Pages 80 - 81 14
The World Wide Web
A Web browser, or browser, allows

users to access Web pages and Web 2.0
programs
Internet
Explore Firefox Opera
r
Google
Safari
Chrome
Page 81 15
The World Wide Web
Page 81 16
Figure 2-6
The World Wide Web
A home page is the Some Web pages are

first page that a Web designed specifically
site displays for microbrowsers
Web pages provide
links to other related
Web pages
Surfing the Web
Downloading is the
process of receiving
information
Pages 82 - 83 17
Figure 2-7
The World Wide Web
A Web page has a unique address called

a URL or Web address
Pages 82 83 18
Figure 2-8
The World Wide Web
Tabbed browsing allows you to open and

view multiple Web pages in a single Web
browser window
Page 84 19
Figure 2-9
The World Wide Web
Two types of search tools are search

engines and subject directories
Subject
Search
director
engine
y
Finds Classifies Web
information pages in an
related to a organized set
specific topic of categories
Page 85 20
The World Wide Web
Page 85 21
Figure 2-10
The World Wide Web
A search engine is helpful in locating

items such as:
Publicatio
Images Videos Audio
ns
People or
Maps Business Blogs
es
Page 85 22
The World Wide Web
Page 86 23
Figure 2-11
The World Wide Web
Some Web browsers contain an Instant

Search box to eliminate the steps of
displaying the search engines Web
page prior to entering the search text
Page 87 24
Figure 2-12
The World Wide Web
Search operators can help to refine your

search
Page 87 25
Figure 2-13
The World Wide Web
There are thirteen types of Web sites
Portal News Informational Business/Marketi

ng
Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Network
Pages 88 91 26
Figure 2-15
The World Wide Web
Entertainme Advocacy Web

nt Application
Content Personal
Aggregator
Pages 91 92 27
Figure 2-15
Video: Tell Your Stories via
Vlog
CLICK TO START
28
The World Wide Web
Information
presented on the
Web must be
evaluated for
accuracy
No one oversees
the content of Web
pages
Page 92 29
Figure 2-16
The World Wide Web
Multimedia refers to any application

that combines text with:
Graphic Animati
s on Audio
Virtual
Video Reality
Page 92 30
The World Wide Web
A graphic is a
digital
representation of
nontext
information
Graphic formats
include BMP, GIF,
JPEG, PNG, and
TIFF
Page 93 31
Figure 2-17
The World Wide Web
A thumbnail is a
small version of a
larger graphic
Page 94 32
Figure 2-19
The World Wide Web
Animation is the appearance of motion

created by displaying a series of still
images in sequence
Page 94 33
The World Wide Web
Audio includes music, speech, or any other

sound
Compressed to reduce file size
You listen to audio on your computer using a
player
Streaming is the process of transferring data
in a continuous and even flow
Pages 94 95 34
Figure 2-20
The World Wide Web
Page 95 35
Figure 2-21
The World Wide Web
Video consists of images displayed in

motion
Page 96 36
Figure 2-22
The World Wide Web
Virtual reality (VR) is the use of

computers to simulate a real or
imagined environment that appears as
a three-dimensional space
Pages 96 97 37
Figure 2-23
The World Wide Web
A plug-in is a program that extends the

capability of a Web browser
Page 97 38
Figure 2-24
The World Wide Web
Web publishing is the development

and maintenance of Web pages
Page 98 39
E-Commerce
E-commerce is a business transaction

that occurs over an electronic network
M-commerce identifies e-commerce that
takes place using mobile devices
Page 98 40
E-Commerce
Pages 98 - 99 41
E-Commerce
Page 99 42
Figure 2-25
Other Internet Services
E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files
via a computer
network
An e-mail
program allows
you to create,
send, receive,
forward, store,
print, and delete e-
mail messages
Page 101 43
Figure 2-26
Page 102 44
Figure 2-27
A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and

addresses given a single name
Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
Unsubscribing removes your name
Page 103 45
Figure 2-28
Instant messaging (IM) is a real-

time Internet communications service
Page 104 46
Figure 2-29
A chat is a real-
time typed
conversation that
takes place on a
computer
A chat room is a
location on an
Internet server that
permits users to
chat with each
other
Page 105 47
Figure 2-30
VoIP (Voice over

IP) enables users to
speak to other
users over the
Internet
Also called Internet
telephony
Page 106 48
Figure 2-31
A newsgroup is
an online area in
which users have
written discussions
about a particular
subject
Typically requires a
newsreader
A message board
is a Web-based
type of discussion
group
Page 107
Figure 2-32
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 49
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an

Internet standard that permits file
uploading and downloading with other
computers on the Internet
Many operating systems include FTP
capabilities
An FTP server is a computer that allows
users to upload and/or download files
using FTP
Page 107 50
Netiquette
Netiquette is the code of acceptable

Internet behavior
Page 108 51
Figure 2-33
Summary
Page 109 52
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 2 Complete

Chapter 2 Computer Programming

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Chapter 2 Computer Programming

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Discovering

Identify and briefly

Describe how to use a

Explain how Web

Explain how e-mail,

The Internet is a worldwide collection

The Internet originated as ARPANET in

1984 1995 Today

Each organization is responsible only for

Many home and small business users

An access provider is a business that

An IP address is a number that uniquely

The World Wide Web, or Web, consists

A Web browser, or browser, allows

A home page is the Some Web pages are

A Web page has a unique address called

Tabbed browsing allows you to open and

Two types of search tools are search

A search engine is helpful in locating

Some Web browsers contain an Instant

Search operators can help to refine your

There are thirteen types of Web sites

Portal News Informational Business/Marketi

Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Entertainme Advocacy Web

Multimedia refers to any application

Animation is the appearance of motion

Audio includes music, speech, or any other

Video consists of images displayed in

Virtual reality (VR) is the use of

A plug-in is a program that extends the

Web publishing is the development

E-commerce is a business transaction

A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and

Instant messaging (IM) is a real-

VoIP (Voice over

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an

Netiquette is the code of acceptable

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