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Definition of malocclusion
Classification of etiology of malocclusion.
Local factors- brief.
Conclusion.
What is malocclusion?
Moyers Classification
Heredity
Developmental defects
Trauma
Physical agents
Habits
Diseases
Malnutrition
Contd
Grabers Classification
General factors
Local Factors
Local Factors
Anomalies of the Number
Supernumerary teeth
Missing teeth
Anomalies of Tooth Size
Anomalies of Tooth Shape
Abnormal Labial Frenum
Premature Loss of Deciduous Teeth
Prolonged Retention of Deciduous Teeth
Delayed Eruption of Permanent Teeth
Abnormal Eruptive Path
Ankylosis
Dental Caries
Improper Dental Restoration
Anomalies of tooth number
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
Supernumerary teeth
Fig. 3 Fig. 4
Classification of supernumerary teeth
On the basis of location
Mesiodens
Parapremolars
Paramolars
Fig. 3 Fig. 4
Anomalies of tooth size
Disproportionate the teeth size and arch length and also between
the maxillary and mandibular tooth size.
Cause: Heredity-positive family history
Major characteristics of dental malocclusion: Crowding and
spacing
Larger teeth has greater tendency to crowding
Smaller teeth has greater tendency to spacing.
How?
At birth the frenum is attached to the alveolar ridge, with fibers
actually running into the lingual inter dental papilla. As the teeth
erupt and as alveolar bone is deposited, frenum attachment
migrates superiorly with respect to the alveolar ridge. When fiber
persist in between maxillary central incisors and in the V-shaped
inter maxillary suture notching the inter dental alveolar bone
produce the midline diastema.
Fig: Anterior Diastemas associated with labial frena
Contd
Study by Taylor
Age Incidence of diastema
6 97%
6-7 88%
10-11 48%
12-18 7%(presence of high frenum
attachment)
Reasons:
Absence of underlying permanent teeth.
Endocrinal disturbances such as hypothyroidism
Ankylosed deciduous teeth that fail to resorb.
Non-vital deciduous teeth that do not resorb.
Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
Reasons:
Endocrine disorder such as hypothyroidism
Congenital absence of the permanent teeth.
Presence of a supernumerary teeth
Deciduous root road block
Presence of a heavy mucosal barrier.
Premature loss of deciduous tooth
Abnormal Eruptive Path
Causes:
Lead to premature loss of deciduous or permanent
teeth.
Proximal caries.
Improper dental restoration
Consequences:
Over-countered occlusal restorations cause
premature contacts.
Under-countered occlusal restorations permit the
opposing dentition to supra-erupt.
Proximal restorations under countered invariably
result in loss of arch length.
Conclusion
Conclusion of this seminar is that there are numbers of
local factors responsible for malocclusion. Among them
local factors are responsible for malocclusion produce a
localized effect confined to one or more adjacent or
opposing teeth. For comprehensive orthodontic
management it involves identification if the possible
etiologic factor and attempt to eliminate the same for the
development of normal dentition and occlusion.
Thank you!!!
-Kishor Gurung