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DEFORMASI BATUAN
Tegangan yang terjadi akibat gerakan tektonik tersebut
mempunyai arah sejajar permukaan bumi (mendatar) dari segala arah
dan tegangan yang lain berasal dari dalam bumi ke arah permukaan
bumi (vertikal). Kekuatan tegangan-tegangan tersebut berbeda satu
sama lain baik arah mendatar maupun yang berarah vertikal, oleh
karenanya tegangan ini sering dikenal dengan tegangan utama
(principal stress). Berdasarkan perbedaan kekuatan tegangan tersebut
dibedakan menjadi 3 bagian yaitu (1) Tegangan utama maksimum,
(2) Tegangan utama menengah, dan (3). Faktor lain yang
berpengaruh adalah sifat fisik dan mekanik batuan, seperti misalnya
bila batuan bersifat plastis maka batuan akan mengalami pelipatan
teta[I bila btuan bersifat tegar (rigid) maka batuan akan retak/pecah.
Definitions:
STRESS:The force applied to a plane divided by the area of the plane.
COMPRESSIVESTRESS:The stress generated by forces directed toward one another on
opposite sides of a real or imaginary plane.
TENSILESTRESS:The stress generated by forces directed away from one another on
opposite sides of a real or imaginary plane.
SHEARSTRESS:Stress (force per unit area) that acts parallel to a (fault) plane and tends to
cause the rocks on either side of the plane to slide by one another.
STRAIN:The result of stress applied to a body, causing the deformation of its shape and/or a
change of volume.
ELASTICRESPONSE: The deformation of a body in proportion to the applied stress and its
recovery once the stress is removed.
ELASTICLIMIT:The maximum amount of stress a material can withstand before it deforms
permanently.
DUCTILERESPONSE:The permanent deformation, without fracture in the shape of a solid.
BRITTLERESPONSE:The fracturing of a rock in response to stress with little or no
permanent deformation prior to its rupture.
FOLD:Permanent wavelike deformation in layered rock or sediment.
FAULT:A fracture in bedrock along which rocks on one side have moved relative to the other
side.
JOINT:A fracture on a rock without noticeable movement.
Deformationincludescombinationsofthe
following...
TranslationChangeinlocation.
RotationChangeinorientation.
DistortionChangeinshape.
Sistem tegangan utama yang terjadi di litosfera
slate sandstone limestone
STRUKTUR GEOLOGI
Deformasi batuan adalah perubahan lapisan kerak bumi yang
diakibatkan adanya tegangan yang bersasal dari gerakan
tektonik
Hasil dari proses deformasi batuan dikenal dengan Struktur geologi.
Klasifikasi
b Keterangan :
a
ab - strike slip
c ac - net slip
e d
ad - dip slip
ae - vertical slip (throw)
ed - harizontal slip (heave)
PATAHAN
Patahan adalah pergeseran blok batuan mengikuti arah bidang kekar
1.PATAHAN TURUN adalah pergeseran bidang dinding (hanging
wall) kearah turun
DistribusiTegangan 3
PATAHAN
2. PATAHAN NAIK
DistribusiTegangan 3
PATAHAN
3. PATAHAN GESER
DistribusiTegangan
PATAHAN
4. PATAHAN DIAGONAL
DistribusiTegangan
There can be two (2) resulting responses to stress:
1.Ductile deformation -- usually occurring deeper and with higher
temperatures; flow
2.Brittle deformation -- usually occurring shallower and with cooler
temperatures
* When brittle deformation occurs and rocks fracture, they can simply
crack producing a fracture with no offset, called a joint (= kekar).
LIPATAN
LIPATAN
LIPATAN
Depth