EARTHS

LITHOSPHERE
 ROCKS
Vs.
MINERALS
 Minerals
Minerals are always solid with
particles in repeating patterns-
crystals
They are only found in nature
 Minerals
Formed when elements such as
oxygen, iron, hydrogen, carbon, and
calcium combine.
 EXAMPLES OF MINERALS:
Quartz Calcite

Hematite Calcite Diamond

 USES OF MINERALS:
Quartz makes glass. Diamonds make
jewelry.

Hematite can be
used to make art.

Many things that we

see and use every day
are made from iron.
 PROPERTIES OF MINERALS:
Color: the most observable characteristic of
minerals/rock

Luster: the way the surface of a mineral reflects

light, either metallic (shiny) or nonmetallic (dull)

Streak: color of the powder left behind when you

rub a mineral against a white tile called a streak plate.
Quartz
Amethyst
Gold
Muscovite
Hematite
 PROPERTIES OF MINERALS:
Cleavage: property of minerals that
refers to how they break

Hardness: a minerals ability to resist

being scratched as measured
by Mohs hardness scale
Mica Quartz
What are three testers that
can be used to determine a
minerals hardness?

fingernail, penny, nail

 ROCKS
Rocks are made up of two or more minerals.
Some rocks form near the surface while others deep
in the crust.
There are THREE major categories of Rocks:
1. IGNEOUS
2. SEDIMENTARY
3. METAMORPHIC
 IGNEOUS
ROCKS:
Formed when melted rocks harden
Coarse-grained rocks (rough) are from magma.
Fine-grained rocks (smooth) are from lava

Obsidia Basa Pumi Grani

n lt ce te
 SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS:
Formed from layers of
sediments, created by
weathering and erosion, that
are dropped from moving
water, and are squeezed and
stuck together.
Fossils are usually found in
Fossil
sedimentary rocks.
C O M M O N S E D I M E N TA RY R O C K S :

Conglomerate

Sandsto
ne
Limesto
ne
 METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
morph= change
Existing rocks are changed through high heat
and pressure to form different rocks

Schist Slate
Marble

Gneiss
 ROCK CYCLE
Like most cycles, the materials are used over
and over.

Process include weathering, erosion,

deposition, melting, compaction, and
cementation.
 KWL Chart
(ROCKS)
K W L
(What I Know) (What I Want (What I
to Know) Learned)